Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups
Iron-fortified formulas and iron drops (both usually ferrous sulfate, FS) prevent early life iron deficiency, but may delay growth and adversely affect neurodevelopment by providing excess iron. We used a rat pup model to investigate iron status, growth, and development outcomes following daily iron...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1406 |
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| author | Shasta McMillen Bo Lönnerdal |
| author_facet | Shasta McMillen Bo Lönnerdal |
| author_sort | Shasta McMillen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron-fortified formulas and iron drops (both usually ferrous sulfate, FS) prevent early life iron deficiency, but may delay growth and adversely affect neurodevelopment by providing excess iron. We used a rat pup model to investigate iron status, growth, and development outcomes following daily iron supplementation (10 mg iron/kg body weight, representative of iron-fortified formula levels) with FS or an alternative, bioavailable form of iron, ferrous bis-glycinate chelate (FC). On postnatal day (PD) 2, sex-matched rat litters (<i>n</i> = 3 litters, 10 pups each) were randomly assigned to receive FS, FC, or vehicle control until PD 14. On PD 15, we evaluated systemic iron regulation and CNS mineral interactions and we interrogated iron loading outcomes in the hippocampus, in search of mechanisms by which iron may influence neurodevelopment. Body iron stores were elevated substantially in iron-supplemented pups. All pups gained weight normally, but brain size on PD 15 was dependent on iron source. This may have been associated with reduced hippocampal oxidative stress but was not associated with CNS mineral interactions, iron regulation, or myelination, as these were unchanged with iron supplementation. Additional studies are warranted to investigate iron form effects on neurodevelopment so that iron recommendations can be optimized for all infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:05:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5a6e4a0215448b0b8002e438236489a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:05:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5a6e4a0215448b0b8002e438236489a2023-11-21T16:36:39ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01135140610.3390/nu13051406Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat PupsShasta McMillen0Bo Lönnerdal1Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAIron-fortified formulas and iron drops (both usually ferrous sulfate, FS) prevent early life iron deficiency, but may delay growth and adversely affect neurodevelopment by providing excess iron. We used a rat pup model to investigate iron status, growth, and development outcomes following daily iron supplementation (10 mg iron/kg body weight, representative of iron-fortified formula levels) with FS or an alternative, bioavailable form of iron, ferrous bis-glycinate chelate (FC). On postnatal day (PD) 2, sex-matched rat litters (<i>n</i> = 3 litters, 10 pups each) were randomly assigned to receive FS, FC, or vehicle control until PD 14. On PD 15, we evaluated systemic iron regulation and CNS mineral interactions and we interrogated iron loading outcomes in the hippocampus, in search of mechanisms by which iron may influence neurodevelopment. Body iron stores were elevated substantially in iron-supplemented pups. All pups gained weight normally, but brain size on PD 15 was dependent on iron source. This may have been associated with reduced hippocampal oxidative stress but was not associated with CNS mineral interactions, iron regulation, or myelination, as these were unchanged with iron supplementation. Additional studies are warranted to investigate iron form effects on neurodevelopment so that iron recommendations can be optimized for all infants.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1406iron supplementationferrous bis-glycinateferrous sulfatebraininfant nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Shasta McMillen Bo Lönnerdal Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups Nutrients iron supplementation ferrous bis-glycinate ferrous sulfate brain infant nutrition |
| title | Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups |
| title_full | Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups |
| title_fullStr | Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups |
| title_full_unstemmed | Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups |
| title_short | Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups |
| title_sort | postnatal iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate vs ferrous bis glycinate chelate effects on iron metabolism growth and central nervous system development in sprague dawley rat pups |
| topic | iron supplementation ferrous bis-glycinate ferrous sulfate brain infant nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1406 |
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