Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants
Plants have been used for medical purposes since ancient times. However, a detailed analysis of their biological properties and their associated active compounds is needed to justify their therapeutic use in modern medicine. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the phenolics present in...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/12/497 |
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| author | Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak Marta Krzemińska Anna K. Kiss Monika A. Olszewska Aleksandra Owczarek |
| author_facet | Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak Marta Krzemińska Anna K. Kiss Monika A. Olszewska Aleksandra Owczarek |
| author_sort | Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants have been used for medical purposes since ancient times. However, a detailed analysis of their biological properties and their associated active compounds is needed to justify their therapeutic use in modern medicine. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the phenolics present in hydromethanolic extracts of the roots and shoots of the Chinese <i>Salvia</i> species, <i>Salvia bulleyana</i>. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection. The extracts of <i>S. bulleyana</i> were also screened for their antioxidant activity using ferric ion (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), diammonium 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cation (ABTS), superoxide radical anion (O<sub>2</sub>•–), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. The <i>S. bulleyana</i> extracts were found to contain 38 substances, of which 36 were phenols, with a total level of 14.4 mg/g DW (dry weight) in shoots, and 23.1 mg/g DW in roots. Twenty-eight phenols were polyphenolic acids or their derivatives, the most abundant in shoots being rosmarinic acid, and in roots, salvianolic acid K followed by rosmarinic acid. The other major phenolic acids were caffeic acid, caffeoyl-threonic acids, isomers of lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid F, salvianolic acid B, and yunnaneic acid E. In addition to polyphenolic acids, nine flavonoids were detected in the shoot extract. While both extracts showed significant antioxidant activity, the shoot extract, containing both polyphenolic acids and flavonoids, demonstrated a slightly greater antioxidant potential in some of the anti-radical tests than the roots. However, the root extract proved to be slightly more effective in the lipid peroxidation inhibition test. Thus, <i>S. bulleyana</i> was demonstrated as a promising source of antioxidants, and worthy of further more detailed studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:40Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a5a92e9cc9674406a7d512d0b8fa45c2 |
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| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a5a92e9cc9674406a7d512d0b8fa45c22023-11-20T23:26:43ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-12-01101249710.3390/metabo10120497Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. PlantsIzabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak0Marta Krzemińska1Anna K. Kiss2Monika A. Olszewska3Aleksandra Owczarek4Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, PolandPlants have been used for medical purposes since ancient times. However, a detailed analysis of their biological properties and their associated active compounds is needed to justify their therapeutic use in modern medicine. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the phenolics present in hydromethanolic extracts of the roots and shoots of the Chinese <i>Salvia</i> species, <i>Salvia bulleyana</i>. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection. The extracts of <i>S. bulleyana</i> were also screened for their antioxidant activity using ferric ion (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), diammonium 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cation (ABTS), superoxide radical anion (O<sub>2</sub>•–), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. The <i>S. bulleyana</i> extracts were found to contain 38 substances, of which 36 were phenols, with a total level of 14.4 mg/g DW (dry weight) in shoots, and 23.1 mg/g DW in roots. Twenty-eight phenols were polyphenolic acids or their derivatives, the most abundant in shoots being rosmarinic acid, and in roots, salvianolic acid K followed by rosmarinic acid. The other major phenolic acids were caffeic acid, caffeoyl-threonic acids, isomers of lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid F, salvianolic acid B, and yunnaneic acid E. In addition to polyphenolic acids, nine flavonoids were detected in the shoot extract. While both extracts showed significant antioxidant activity, the shoot extract, containing both polyphenolic acids and flavonoids, demonstrated a slightly greater antioxidant potential in some of the anti-radical tests than the roots. However, the root extract proved to be slightly more effective in the lipid peroxidation inhibition test. Thus, <i>S. bulleyana</i> was demonstrated as a promising source of antioxidants, and worthy of further more detailed studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/12/497antiradical activityhydromethanolic extractlithospermic acidphenolic profilingrosmarinic acidsalvianolic acid K |
| spellingShingle | Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak Marta Krzemińska Anna K. Kiss Monika A. Olszewska Aleksandra Owczarek Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants Metabolites antiradical activity hydromethanolic extract lithospermic acid phenolic profiling rosmarinic acid salvianolic acid K |
| title | Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants |
| title_full | Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants |
| title_short | Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial and Underground Parts of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels. Plants |
| title_sort | phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of aerial and underground parts of i salvia bulleyana i diels plants |
| topic | antiradical activity hydromethanolic extract lithospermic acid phenolic profiling rosmarinic acid salvianolic acid K |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/12/497 |
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