Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study
In recent years, communication using electromagnetic (EM) radiation became an integral part of our lives. As a result, there is a large number of base transceiver stations (BTSs) which act as a source of high EM exposure for inhabitants mainly in the “hot-spot” areas. They employ higher values of ra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sciendo
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Acta Medica Martiniana |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/acm-2022-0003 |
| _version_ | 1818240080458809344 |
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| author | Jakub Misek Simona Laposova Katarina Hamza Sladicekova Janka Jakusova Daniel Parizek Viera Jakusova Marcel Veternik Jan Jakus |
| author_facet | Jakub Misek Simona Laposova Katarina Hamza Sladicekova Janka Jakusova Daniel Parizek Viera Jakusova Marcel Veternik Jan Jakus |
| author_sort | Jakub Misek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, communication using electromagnetic (EM) radiation became an integral part of our lives. As a result, there is a large number of base transceiver stations (BTSs) which act as a source of high EM exposure for inhabitants mainly in the “hot-spot” areas. They employ higher values of radiation, thus, providing potentially harmful effects on living or working environment. The aim of this pilot study was to study a distribution of hot-spots and EMF power in a vicinity of BTSs. BTS was located in an extra-village area at least 500 m away from the nearest city or surrounded villages in the district of Martin. The targeted area of EM radiation from the BTS was divided into two smaller zones, the right and the left. For a better visualization, topographic maps were created. Using spectral analyzer Aaronia Spectran HF-6085, intensities of EMF within the frequency range from 880 – 960 MHz (GSM900) were recorded. Maximum values of EMF power flux density were 146.827 μW/m2 in horizontal and 96.448 μW/m2 in vertical plane. Minimal va lues were 0.052 μW/m2 in horizontal and 0.179 μW/m2 vertical plane respectively. The maps revealed two hotspots in the left zone and also two (smaller and larger) hotspots in the right zone. Our values were below the actual limits given by the Slovak Republic and the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) safety guidelines. However, the values from the hotspots were above the limits suggested by the BioInitiative Report. Our results indicate an elevation of EMF values in the hot-spots even in the extra-village areas. Further studies are needed to analyze in detail EMF parameters in the hot-spots, and their effects on living and working environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:07:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5be7c78725744198709be7657b806aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1338-4139 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:07:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Medica Martiniana |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5be7c78725744198709be7657b806aa2022-12-22T00:23:36ZengSciendoActa Medica Martiniana1338-41392022-04-01221152310.2478/acm-2022-0003Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot StudyJakub Misek0Simona Laposova1Katarina Hamza Sladicekova2Janka Jakusova3Daniel Parizek4Viera Jakusova5Marcel Veternik6Jan Jakus7Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina in Zilina, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak RepublicIn recent years, communication using electromagnetic (EM) radiation became an integral part of our lives. As a result, there is a large number of base transceiver stations (BTSs) which act as a source of high EM exposure for inhabitants mainly in the “hot-spot” areas. They employ higher values of radiation, thus, providing potentially harmful effects on living or working environment. The aim of this pilot study was to study a distribution of hot-spots and EMF power in a vicinity of BTSs. BTS was located in an extra-village area at least 500 m away from the nearest city or surrounded villages in the district of Martin. The targeted area of EM radiation from the BTS was divided into two smaller zones, the right and the left. For a better visualization, topographic maps were created. Using spectral analyzer Aaronia Spectran HF-6085, intensities of EMF within the frequency range from 880 – 960 MHz (GSM900) were recorded. Maximum values of EMF power flux density were 146.827 μW/m2 in horizontal and 96.448 μW/m2 in vertical plane. Minimal va lues were 0.052 μW/m2 in horizontal and 0.179 μW/m2 vertical plane respectively. The maps revealed two hotspots in the left zone and also two (smaller and larger) hotspots in the right zone. Our values were below the actual limits given by the Slovak Republic and the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) safety guidelines. However, the values from the hotspots were above the limits suggested by the BioInitiative Report. Our results indicate an elevation of EMF values in the hot-spots even in the extra-village areas. Further studies are needed to analyze in detail EMF parameters in the hot-spots, and their effects on living and working environments.https://doi.org/10.2478/acm-2022-0003btshot-spotenvironment exposuremobile communicationcell phone |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Misek Simona Laposova Katarina Hamza Sladicekova Janka Jakusova Daniel Parizek Viera Jakusova Marcel Veternik Jan Jakus Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study Acta Medica Martiniana bts hot-spot environment exposure mobile communication cell phone |
| title | Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Measurement of Base Transceiver Station Exposure in the Extra-Village Environment- A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | measurement of base transceiver station exposure in the extra village environment a pilot study |
| topic | bts hot-spot environment exposure mobile communication cell phone |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/acm-2022-0003 |
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