A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential
An ever-increasing volume of saline effluents from industries, oil–gas fields, and desalination plants has resulted in an enormous amount of pollutants with undesirable effects on the environment and human health. Adequate disposal and treatment of these effluents remains a persistent problem and po...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Water Reuse |
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| Online Access: | http://jwrd.iwaponline.com/content/11/1/33 |
| _version_ | 1818721856799113216 |
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| author | Parul Sahu |
| author_facet | Parul Sahu |
| author_sort | Parul Sahu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An ever-increasing volume of saline effluents from industries, oil–gas fields, and desalination plants has resulted in an enormous amount of pollutants with undesirable effects on the environment and human health. Adequate disposal and treatment of these effluents remains a persistent problem and poses significant technical as well as economic challenges. Saline effluents can have considerable environmental impacts, depending upon the sensitivity of the surrounding ecosystems. Conventional disposal techniques mostly suffer from direct or indirect contamination of water/soil and are no longer preferred. As a result, several advanced treatment methods are being considered for sustainable saline effluent management in recent times. In this context, a comprehensive and updated review of conventional methods, along with emerging technologies for disposal and treatment of saline effluent, is presented. Existing treatment approaches, including membrane operation, thermal processes, chemical techniques, and biological methods, are discussed. The application of innovative hybrid processes (combining two or more treatment methods) aiming at lower energy demand and higher treatment efficiency has also been evaluated. Subsequently, emerging sustainable strategies like waste minimization and water recovery, zero liquid discharge, and resource recovery for saline effluents have been examined. The prospect of integrating the renewable energy sources with energy-intensive saline treatment methods towards energy–water–environment nexus is also explored. HIGHLIGHTS
Saline effluent disposal and treatment methods are discussed.;
Hybrid technologies for sustainable treatment are presented.;
Emerging saline waste management strategies are evaluated.;
Water and resource recovery from waste effluent is assessed.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:45:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5c75788f75e42568094f1e389c0fb4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2709-6092 2709-6106 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:45:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Reuse |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5c75788f75e42568094f1e389c0fb4c2022-12-21T21:33:10ZengIWA PublishingWater Reuse2709-60922709-61062021-03-01111336510.2166/wrd.2020.065065A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potentialParul Sahu0 Salt and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India An ever-increasing volume of saline effluents from industries, oil–gas fields, and desalination plants has resulted in an enormous amount of pollutants with undesirable effects on the environment and human health. Adequate disposal and treatment of these effluents remains a persistent problem and poses significant technical as well as economic challenges. Saline effluents can have considerable environmental impacts, depending upon the sensitivity of the surrounding ecosystems. Conventional disposal techniques mostly suffer from direct or indirect contamination of water/soil and are no longer preferred. As a result, several advanced treatment methods are being considered for sustainable saline effluent management in recent times. In this context, a comprehensive and updated review of conventional methods, along with emerging technologies for disposal and treatment of saline effluent, is presented. Existing treatment approaches, including membrane operation, thermal processes, chemical techniques, and biological methods, are discussed. The application of innovative hybrid processes (combining two or more treatment methods) aiming at lower energy demand and higher treatment efficiency has also been evaluated. Subsequently, emerging sustainable strategies like waste minimization and water recovery, zero liquid discharge, and resource recovery for saline effluents have been examined. The prospect of integrating the renewable energy sources with energy-intensive saline treatment methods towards energy–water–environment nexus is also explored. HIGHLIGHTS Saline effluent disposal and treatment methods are discussed.; Hybrid technologies for sustainable treatment are presented.; Emerging saline waste management strategies are evaluated.; Water and resource recovery from waste effluent is assessed.;http://jwrd.iwaponline.com/content/11/1/33effluent treatmentdesalinationdisposal & treatmentresource recoverysaline effluentzero liquid discharge |
| spellingShingle | Parul Sahu A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential Water Reuse effluent treatment desalination disposal & treatment resource recovery saline effluent zero liquid discharge |
| title | A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential |
| title_full | A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential |
| title_short | A comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment: conventional practices, emerging technologies, and future potential |
| title_sort | comprehensive review of saline effluent disposal and treatment conventional practices emerging technologies and future potential |
| topic | effluent treatment desalination disposal & treatment resource recovery saline effluent zero liquid discharge |
| url | http://jwrd.iwaponline.com/content/11/1/33 |
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