Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method
Using the electrical spark discharge method, this study prepared a nano-Ag colloid using self-developed, microelectrical discharge machining equipment. Requiring no additional surfactant, the approach in question can be used at the ambient temperature and pressure. Moreover, this novel physical meth...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1091 |
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| author | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng Yur-Shan Lin Yun-Chung Lin Der-Chi Tien Leszek Stobinski |
| author_facet | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng Yur-Shan Lin Yun-Chung Lin Der-Chi Tien Leszek Stobinski |
| author_sort | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using the electrical spark discharge method, this study prepared a nano-Ag colloid using self-developed, microelectrical discharge machining equipment. Requiring no additional surfactant, the approach in question can be used at the ambient temperature and pressure. Moreover, this novel physical method of preparation produced no chemical pollution. This study conducted an in-depth investigation to establish the following electrical discharge conditions: gap electrical discharge, short circuits, and open circuits. Short circuits affect system lifespan and cause electrode consumption, resulting in large, non-nanoscale particles. Accordingly, in this study, research for and design of a new logic judgment circuit set was used to determine the short-circuit rate. The Ziegler–Nichols proportional–integral–derivative (PID) method was then adopted to find optimal PID values for reducing the ratio between short-circuit and discharge rates of the system. The particle size, zeta potential, and ultraviolet spectrum of the nano-Ag colloid prepared using the aforementioned method were also analyzed with nanoanalysis equipment. Lastly, the characteristics of nanosized particles were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope. This study found that the lowest ratio between short-circuit rates was obtained (1.77%) when PID parameters were such that K<sub>p</sub> was 0.96, K<sub>i</sub> was 5.760576, and K<sub>d</sub> was 0.039996. For the nano-Ag colloid prepared using the aforementioned PID parameters, the particle size was 3.409 nm, zeta potential was approximately −46.8 mV, absorbance was approximately 0.26, and surface plasmon resonance was 390 nm. Therefore, this study demonstrated that reducing the short-circuit rate can substantially enhance the effectiveness of the preparation and produce an optimal nano-Ag colloid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:27:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5c78da76426490eb094fd9d8a42cf3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:27:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5c78da76426490eb094fd9d8a42cf3f2023-11-20T02:29:43ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-06-01106109110.3390/nano10061091Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge MethodKuo-Hsiung Tseng0Yur-Shan Lin1Yun-Chung Lin2Der-Chi Tien3Leszek Stobinski4Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanPower Department, Quanta Computer lnc., Taipei 111, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanMaterials Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, PolandUsing the electrical spark discharge method, this study prepared a nano-Ag colloid using self-developed, microelectrical discharge machining equipment. Requiring no additional surfactant, the approach in question can be used at the ambient temperature and pressure. Moreover, this novel physical method of preparation produced no chemical pollution. This study conducted an in-depth investigation to establish the following electrical discharge conditions: gap electrical discharge, short circuits, and open circuits. Short circuits affect system lifespan and cause electrode consumption, resulting in large, non-nanoscale particles. Accordingly, in this study, research for and design of a new logic judgment circuit set was used to determine the short-circuit rate. The Ziegler–Nichols proportional–integral–derivative (PID) method was then adopted to find optimal PID values for reducing the ratio between short-circuit and discharge rates of the system. The particle size, zeta potential, and ultraviolet spectrum of the nano-Ag colloid prepared using the aforementioned method were also analyzed with nanoanalysis equipment. Lastly, the characteristics of nanosized particles were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope. This study found that the lowest ratio between short-circuit rates was obtained (1.77%) when PID parameters were such that K<sub>p</sub> was 0.96, K<sub>i</sub> was 5.760576, and K<sub>d</sub> was 0.039996. For the nano-Ag colloid prepared using the aforementioned PID parameters, the particle size was 3.409 nm, zeta potential was approximately −46.8 mV, absorbance was approximately 0.26, and surface plasmon resonance was 390 nm. Therefore, this study demonstrated that reducing the short-circuit rate can substantially enhance the effectiveness of the preparation and produce an optimal nano-Ag colloid.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1091electrical spark discharge methodnano-Ag colloidZiegler–Nichols methodelectrical discharge conditionshort circuits |
| spellingShingle | Kuo-Hsiung Tseng Yur-Shan Lin Yun-Chung Lin Der-Chi Tien Leszek Stobinski Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method Nanomaterials electrical spark discharge method nano-Ag colloid Ziegler–Nichols method electrical discharge condition short circuits |
| title | Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method |
| title_full | Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method |
| title_fullStr | Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method |
| title_short | Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method |
| title_sort | deriving optimized pid parameters of nano ag colloid prepared by electrical spark discharge method |
| topic | electrical spark discharge method nano-Ag colloid Ziegler–Nichols method electrical discharge condition short circuits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1091 |
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