A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) is a light source of the 4th generation which provides spatially coherent ultrashort X-ray pulses at high rate. The facility enabled unprecedented advancement in fundamental research, but also needed new detectors to fit the EuXFEL requirements, such a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10210050/ |
| _version_ | 1797743467090149376 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrea Costa Nicola Lusardi Fabio Garzetti Enrico Ronconi Stefano Maffessanti Cyril Danilevski David Lomidze Monica Turcato Matteo Porro Angelo Geraci |
| author_facet | Andrea Costa Nicola Lusardi Fabio Garzetti Enrico Ronconi Stefano Maffessanti Cyril Danilevski David Lomidze Monica Turcato Matteo Porro Angelo Geraci |
| author_sort | Andrea Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) is a light source of the 4th generation which provides spatially coherent ultrashort X-ray pulses at high rate. The facility enabled unprecedented advancement in fundamental research, but also needed new detectors to fit the EuXFEL requirements, such as single photon resolution, large dynamic range, and high repetition rate: three 2D megapixel detectors have been developed to cope with the demanding environment. The DEPleted Field Effect Transistors (DEPFET) Sensor with Signal Compression (DSSC) detector is one of them. The parallel readout from each pixel is performed employing a dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The generated data flow is read through a 2-stage Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Data AcQuisition (DAQ) chain: the Input Output Board (IOB) controls the primary readout from 16 ASICs and serializes data on high-speed links that are sent to the Patch Panel Transceiver (PPT). It is also responsible for the clock distribution and timing control of the front-end and switched power channels. The PPT reorders and forwards the received data toward the EuXFEL back-end, and allows remote control over the whole DAQ. A first DSSC camera, based on miniaturized silicon drift detectors (mini-SDD) has been available for users’ experiments since 2019, and a second DEPFET-based camera is under construction. The IOB firmware has been thoroughly reviewed and modified to cope with the new DEPFET sensors’ physics and to improve the performance of both the mini-SDD and DEPFET versions. We present an overview of the DSSC, focusing on the DAQ, highlighting the main properties of the environment where the detector operates. We assess the firmware improvements introduced, with a particular focus on the IOB, and present the results obtained in comparison to the original firmware. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:55:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5cee04e043d4f2b860e4ec7798e5b4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:55:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5cee04e043d4f2b860e4ec7798e5b4e2023-08-14T23:00:36ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111843238433510.1109/ACCESS.2023.330240010210050A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFELAndrea Costa0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-2639Nicola Lusardi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-5308Fabio Garzetti2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-2774Enrico Ronconi3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-1942Stefano Maffessanti4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-8163Cyril Danilevski5David Lomidze6Monica Turcato7Matteo Porro8Angelo Geraci9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-3953Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, GermanyEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, GermanyEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, GermanyEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, GermanyEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, GermanyPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyThe European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) is a light source of the 4th generation which provides spatially coherent ultrashort X-ray pulses at high rate. The facility enabled unprecedented advancement in fundamental research, but also needed new detectors to fit the EuXFEL requirements, such as single photon resolution, large dynamic range, and high repetition rate: three 2D megapixel detectors have been developed to cope with the demanding environment. The DEPleted Field Effect Transistors (DEPFET) Sensor with Signal Compression (DSSC) detector is one of them. The parallel readout from each pixel is performed employing a dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The generated data flow is read through a 2-stage Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Data AcQuisition (DAQ) chain: the Input Output Board (IOB) controls the primary readout from 16 ASICs and serializes data on high-speed links that are sent to the Patch Panel Transceiver (PPT). It is also responsible for the clock distribution and timing control of the front-end and switched power channels. The PPT reorders and forwards the received data toward the EuXFEL back-end, and allows remote control over the whole DAQ. A first DSSC camera, based on miniaturized silicon drift detectors (mini-SDD) has been available for users’ experiments since 2019, and a second DEPFET-based camera is under construction. The IOB firmware has been thoroughly reviewed and modified to cope with the new DEPFET sensors’ physics and to improve the performance of both the mini-SDD and DEPFET versions. We present an overview of the DSSC, focusing on the DAQ, highlighting the main properties of the environment where the detector operates. We assess the firmware improvements introduced, with a particular focus on the IOB, and present the results obtained in comparison to the original firmware.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10210050/Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)XFELfree electron laserDSSCDEPFETMiniSDD |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Costa Nicola Lusardi Fabio Garzetti Enrico Ronconi Stefano Maffessanti Cyril Danilevski David Lomidze Monica Turcato Matteo Porro Angelo Geraci A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL IEEE Access Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) XFEL free electron laser DSSC DEPFET MiniSDD |
| title | A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL |
| title_full | A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL |
| title_fullStr | A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL |
| title_short | A Study of the Latest Updates of the DAQ Firmware for the DSSC Camera at the European XFEL |
| title_sort | study of the latest updates of the daq firmware for the dssc camera at the european xfel |
| topic | Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) XFEL free electron laser DSSC DEPFET MiniSDD |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10210050/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andreacosta astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT nicolalusardi astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT fabiogarzetti astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT enricoronconi astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT stefanomaffessanti astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT cyrildanilevski astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT davidlomidze astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT monicaturcato astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT matteoporro astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT angelogeraci astudyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT andreacosta studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT nicolalusardi studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT fabiogarzetti studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT enricoronconi studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT stefanomaffessanti studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT cyrildanilevski studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT davidlomidze studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT monicaturcato studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT matteoporro studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel AT angelogeraci studyofthelatestupdatesofthedaqfirmwareforthedssccameraattheeuropeanxfel |