Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub>
Detection, monitoring, and analysis of ethanol are important in various fields such as health care, food industries, and safety control. In this study, we report that a solid electrolyte gas sensor based on a proton-conducting membrane is promising for detecting ethanol in air. We focused on graphen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3194 |
| _version_ | 1797502930773868544 |
|---|---|
| author | Aynul Sakinah Ahmad Fauzi Nur Laila Hamidah Shota Kitamura Taiga Kodama Kosuke Sonda Ghina Kifayah Putri Takeshi Shinkai Muhammad Sohail Ahmad Yusuke Inomata Armando T. Quitain Tetsuya Kida |
| author_facet | Aynul Sakinah Ahmad Fauzi Nur Laila Hamidah Shota Kitamura Taiga Kodama Kosuke Sonda Ghina Kifayah Putri Takeshi Shinkai Muhammad Sohail Ahmad Yusuke Inomata Armando T. Quitain Tetsuya Kida |
| author_sort | Aynul Sakinah Ahmad Fauzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Detection, monitoring, and analysis of ethanol are important in various fields such as health care, food industries, and safety control. In this study, we report that a solid electrolyte gas sensor based on a proton-conducting membrane is promising for detecting ethanol in air. We focused on graphene oxide (GO) as a new solid electrolyte because it shows a high proton conductivity at room temperature. GO nanosheets are synthesized by oxidation and exfoliation of expanded graphite via the Tour’s method. GO membranes are fabricated by stacking GO nanosheets by vacuum filtration. To detect ethanol, Au-loaded WO<sub>3</sub> is used as the sensing electrode due to the excellent activity of gold nanoparticles for the catalysis of organic molecules. Au-WO<sub>3</sub> is coupled with rGO (reduced graphene oxide) to facilitate the electron transport in the electrode. Ce ions are intercalated into the GO membrane to facilitate proton transport. The sensor based on the Ce doped-GO membrane combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO as a sensing electrode shows good electric potential difference (ΔV) responses to ethanol in the air at room temperature. The sensor signal reaches more than 600 mV in response to ethanol at 40 ppm in air, making it possible to detect ethanol at a few ppb (parts per billion) level. The ethanol sensing mechanism was discussed in terms of the mixed-potential theory and catalysis of ethanol on Au-WO<sub>3</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:43:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5de59e0941c4ba39063d63ce5781eb0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:43:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5de59e0941c4ba39063d63ce5781eb02023-11-23T09:14:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-04-01229319410.3390/s22093194Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub>Aynul Sakinah Ahmad Fauzi0Nur Laila Hamidah1Shota Kitamura2Taiga Kodama3Kosuke Sonda4Ghina Kifayah Putri5Takeshi Shinkai6Muhammad Sohail Ahmad7Yusuke Inomata8Armando T. Quitain9Tetsuya Kida10Department of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDepartment of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDepartment of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDepartment of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDepartment of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDepartment of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanInstitute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDivision of Materials Science, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanInternational Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanInstitute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDetection, monitoring, and analysis of ethanol are important in various fields such as health care, food industries, and safety control. In this study, we report that a solid electrolyte gas sensor based on a proton-conducting membrane is promising for detecting ethanol in air. We focused on graphene oxide (GO) as a new solid electrolyte because it shows a high proton conductivity at room temperature. GO nanosheets are synthesized by oxidation and exfoliation of expanded graphite via the Tour’s method. GO membranes are fabricated by stacking GO nanosheets by vacuum filtration. To detect ethanol, Au-loaded WO<sub>3</sub> is used as the sensing electrode due to the excellent activity of gold nanoparticles for the catalysis of organic molecules. Au-WO<sub>3</sub> is coupled with rGO (reduced graphene oxide) to facilitate the electron transport in the electrode. Ce ions are intercalated into the GO membrane to facilitate proton transport. The sensor based on the Ce doped-GO membrane combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO as a sensing electrode shows good electric potential difference (ΔV) responses to ethanol in the air at room temperature. The sensor signal reaches more than 600 mV in response to ethanol at 40 ppm in air, making it possible to detect ethanol at a few ppb (parts per billion) level. The ethanol sensing mechanism was discussed in terms of the mixed-potential theory and catalysis of ethanol on Au-WO<sub>3</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3194graphene oxideethanol sensorproton transportgold nanoparticlesWO<sub>3</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Aynul Sakinah Ahmad Fauzi Nur Laila Hamidah Shota Kitamura Taiga Kodama Kosuke Sonda Ghina Kifayah Putri Takeshi Shinkai Muhammad Sohail Ahmad Yusuke Inomata Armando T. Quitain Tetsuya Kida Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub> Sensors graphene oxide ethanol sensor proton transport gold nanoparticles WO<sub>3</sub> |
| title | Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_full | Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_short | Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_sort | electrochemical detection of ethanol in air using graphene oxide nanosheets combined with au wo sub 3 sub |
| topic | graphene oxide ethanol sensor proton transport gold nanoparticles WO<sub>3</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3194 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aynulsakinahahmadfauzi electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT nurlailahamidah electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT shotakitamura electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT taigakodama electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT kosukesonda electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT ghinakifayahputri electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT takeshishinkai electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT muhammadsohailahmad electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT yusukeinomata electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT armandotquitain electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub AT tetsuyakida electrochemicaldetectionofethanolinairusinggrapheneoxidenanosheetscombinedwithauwosub3sub |