pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation
Three-dimensional (3D) printing represents a suitable technology for the development of biomimetic scaffolds for biomedical and tissue engineering applications. However, hydrogel-based inks’ printability remains a challenge due to their restricted print accuracy, mechanical properties, swelling or e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/650 |
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| author | Sheila Maiz-Fernández Leyre Pérez-Álvarez Unai Silván José Luis Vilas-Vilela Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez |
| author_facet | Sheila Maiz-Fernández Leyre Pérez-Álvarez Unai Silván José Luis Vilas-Vilela Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez |
| author_sort | Sheila Maiz-Fernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three-dimensional (3D) printing represents a suitable technology for the development of biomimetic scaffolds for biomedical and tissue engineering applications. However, hydrogel-based inks’ printability remains a challenge due to their restricted print accuracy, mechanical properties, swelling or even cytotoxicity. Chitosan is a natural-derived polysaccharide that has arisen as a promising bioink due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainability and antibacterial properties, among others, as well as its ability to form hydrogels under the influence of a wide variety of mechanisms (thermal, ionic, pH, covalent, etc.). Its poor solubility at physiological pH, which has traditionally restricted its use, represents, on the contrary, the simplest way to induce chitosan gelation. Accordingly, herein a NaOH strong base was employed as gelling media for the direct 3D printing of chitosan structures. The obtained hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical interactions, swelling and mechanical and rheological properties in order to evaluate the influence of the gelling solution’s ionic strength on the hydrogel characteristics. Further, the influence of printing parameters, such as extrusion speed (300, 600 and 800 mm/min) and pressure (20–35 kPa) and the cytocompatibility were also analyzed. In addition, printed gels show an electro-induced motion due to their polycationic nature, which highlights their potential as soft actuators and active scaffolds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:14:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5f60c75aace40f2bca76b87b1f501e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:14:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5f60c75aace40f2bca76b87b1f501e52023-11-23T17:37:31ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-02-0114365010.3390/polym14030650pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft ActuationSheila Maiz-Fernández0Leyre Pérez-Álvarez1Unai Silván2José Luis Vilas-Vilela3Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez4BCMaterials (Basque Center for Materials), Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, SpainBCMaterials (Basque Center for Materials), Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, SpainBCMaterials (Basque Center for Materials), Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, SpainBCMaterials (Basque Center for Materials), Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, SpainBCMaterials (Basque Center for Materials), Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, SpainThree-dimensional (3D) printing represents a suitable technology for the development of biomimetic scaffolds for biomedical and tissue engineering applications. However, hydrogel-based inks’ printability remains a challenge due to their restricted print accuracy, mechanical properties, swelling or even cytotoxicity. Chitosan is a natural-derived polysaccharide that has arisen as a promising bioink due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainability and antibacterial properties, among others, as well as its ability to form hydrogels under the influence of a wide variety of mechanisms (thermal, ionic, pH, covalent, etc.). Its poor solubility at physiological pH, which has traditionally restricted its use, represents, on the contrary, the simplest way to induce chitosan gelation. Accordingly, herein a NaOH strong base was employed as gelling media for the direct 3D printing of chitosan structures. The obtained hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical interactions, swelling and mechanical and rheological properties in order to evaluate the influence of the gelling solution’s ionic strength on the hydrogel characteristics. Further, the influence of printing parameters, such as extrusion speed (300, 600 and 800 mm/min) and pressure (20–35 kPa) and the cytocompatibility were also analyzed. In addition, printed gels show an electro-induced motion due to their polycationic nature, which highlights their potential as soft actuators and active scaffolds.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/650chitosan3D printinghydrogels |
| spellingShingle | Sheila Maiz-Fernández Leyre Pérez-Álvarez Unai Silván José Luis Vilas-Vilela Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation Polymers chitosan 3D printing hydrogels |
| title | pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation |
| title_full | pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation |
| title_fullStr | pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation |
| title_full_unstemmed | pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation |
| title_short | pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation |
| title_sort | ph induced 3d printable chitosan hydrogels for soft actuation |
| topic | chitosan 3D printing hydrogels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/650 |
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