The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics
There is growing concern about the effects of mycotoxins on mammalian reproduction. Although the effects of single mycotoxins have been well documented, the impact of their mixtures on spermatozoon quality is less known. Here, frozen-thawed semen (<i>n</i> = 6 bulls) was in-vitro-culture...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/556 |
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| author | Dorit Kalo Paz Mendelson Alisa Komsky-Elbaz Hillary Voet Zvi Roth |
| author_facet | Dorit Kalo Paz Mendelson Alisa Komsky-Elbaz Hillary Voet Zvi Roth |
| author_sort | Dorit Kalo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is growing concern about the effects of mycotoxins on mammalian reproduction. Although the effects of single mycotoxins have been well documented, the impact of their mixtures on spermatozoon quality is less known. Here, frozen-thawed semen (<i>n</i> = 6 bulls) was in-vitro-cultured (2 h) without (control) or with (i) a single mycotoxin [zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), toxin 2 (T2), and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)] in a dose-response manner; (ii) binary mixtures (OTA + T2, OTA + ZEN, OTA + DAS, ZEN + T2, DAS + T2 and ZEN + DAS); or (iii) ternary mixtures (OTA + DAS + T2, OTA + ZEN + T2, and ZEN + DAS + T2). Then, the spermatozoa quality was characterized according to its plasma- and acrosome-membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidation status by a flow cytometer. Exposure to single mycotoxins or binary mixtures did not affect the spermatozoa characteristics. However, exposure to the ternary mixtures, OTA + DAS + T2 and OTA + ZEN + T2, reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the mitochondrial membrane potential relative to the control. In addition, OTA + ZEN + T2 increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the proportion of spermatozoa with reactive oxygen species relative to the control. The most suggested interaction effect between the mycotoxins was found to be an additive one. A synergistic interaction, mainly regarding the oxidation status of the spermatozoa, was also found between the mycotoxins. The current study sheds light on the potential risk of exposing spermatozoa to a mycotoxin mixture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5ff46e8438041c38177cb57595fc9d2 |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5ff46e8438041c38177cb57595fc9d22023-11-19T13:16:00ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-09-0115955610.3390/toxins15090556The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa CharacteristicsDorit Kalo0Paz Mendelson1Alisa Komsky-Elbaz2Hillary Voet3Zvi Roth4Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelDepartment of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelDepartment of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Management, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelDepartment of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelThere is growing concern about the effects of mycotoxins on mammalian reproduction. Although the effects of single mycotoxins have been well documented, the impact of their mixtures on spermatozoon quality is less known. Here, frozen-thawed semen (<i>n</i> = 6 bulls) was in-vitro-cultured (2 h) without (control) or with (i) a single mycotoxin [zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), toxin 2 (T2), and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)] in a dose-response manner; (ii) binary mixtures (OTA + T2, OTA + ZEN, OTA + DAS, ZEN + T2, DAS + T2 and ZEN + DAS); or (iii) ternary mixtures (OTA + DAS + T2, OTA + ZEN + T2, and ZEN + DAS + T2). Then, the spermatozoa quality was characterized according to its plasma- and acrosome-membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidation status by a flow cytometer. Exposure to single mycotoxins or binary mixtures did not affect the spermatozoa characteristics. However, exposure to the ternary mixtures, OTA + DAS + T2 and OTA + ZEN + T2, reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the mitochondrial membrane potential relative to the control. In addition, OTA + ZEN + T2 increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the proportion of spermatozoa with reactive oxygen species relative to the control. The most suggested interaction effect between the mycotoxins was found to be an additive one. A synergistic interaction, mainly regarding the oxidation status of the spermatozoa, was also found between the mycotoxins. The current study sheds light on the potential risk of exposing spermatozoa to a mycotoxin mixture.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/556mycotoxinsspermatozoamycotoxin mixturesmycotoxin interactionsbovine |
| spellingShingle | Dorit Kalo Paz Mendelson Alisa Komsky-Elbaz Hillary Voet Zvi Roth The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics Toxins mycotoxins spermatozoa mycotoxin mixtures mycotoxin interactions bovine |
| title | The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics |
| title_full | The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics |
| title_short | The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics |
| title_sort | effect of mycotoxins and their mixtures on bovine spermatozoa characteristics |
| topic | mycotoxins spermatozoa mycotoxin mixtures mycotoxin interactions bovine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/556 |
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