Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation
A power source based on the current-generating reaction of aqueous chlorate-to-chloride reduction by molecular hydrogen would provide as much as 1150 Wh per 1 L of reagent storage (for a combination of 700 atm compressed hydrogen and saturated aqueous solution of lithium chlorate) at room temperatur...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Dmitry V. Konev Olga I. Istakova Evgeny A. Ruban Artem T. Glazkov Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev |
| author_facet | Dmitry V. Konev Olga I. Istakova Evgeny A. Ruban Artem T. Glazkov Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev |
| author_sort | Dmitry V. Konev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A power source based on the current-generating reaction of aqueous chlorate-to-chloride reduction by molecular hydrogen would provide as much as 1150 Wh per 1 L of reagent storage (for a combination of 700 atm compressed hydrogen and saturated aqueous solution of lithium chlorate) at room temperature, but direct electroreduction of chlorate only proceeds with unacceptably high overvoltages, even for the most catalytically active electrodes. In the present study, we experimentally demonstrated that this process can be performed via redox-mediator catalysis by intermediate products of chlorate reduction, owing to their participation in homogeneous com- and disproportionation reactions. A series of current–voltage and discharge characteristics were measured for hydrogen-chlorate membrane–electrode assembly (MEA) cells at various concentrations of chlorate and sulfuric acid under operando spectrophotometric monitoring of the electrolyte composition during the discharge. We established that chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) is the key intermediate product; its fraction in the electrolyte solution increases progressively, up to its maximum, equal to 0.4–0.6 of the initial amount of chlorate anions, whereas the ClO<sub>2</sub> amount decreases gradually to a zero value in the later stage. In most discharge experiments, the Faradaic yield exceeded 90% (maximal value: 99%), providing approximately 48% chemical energy storage-to-electricity conversion efficiency at maximal power of the discharge (max value: 402 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). These results support prospect of a hydrogen-chlorate flow current generator as a highly specific energy-capacity source for airless media. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:28:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6008e0d18ef46eaaf730b8e9e26b1e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:28:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6008e0d18ef46eaaf730b8e9e26b1e02023-11-23T13:45:31ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012717563810.3390/molecules27175638Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of OperationDmitry V. Konev0Olga I. Istakova1Evgeny A. Ruban2Artem T. Glazkov3Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev4Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaInstitute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaA power source based on the current-generating reaction of aqueous chlorate-to-chloride reduction by molecular hydrogen would provide as much as 1150 Wh per 1 L of reagent storage (for a combination of 700 atm compressed hydrogen and saturated aqueous solution of lithium chlorate) at room temperature, but direct electroreduction of chlorate only proceeds with unacceptably high overvoltages, even for the most catalytically active electrodes. In the present study, we experimentally demonstrated that this process can be performed via redox-mediator catalysis by intermediate products of chlorate reduction, owing to their participation in homogeneous com- and disproportionation reactions. A series of current–voltage and discharge characteristics were measured for hydrogen-chlorate membrane–electrode assembly (MEA) cells at various concentrations of chlorate and sulfuric acid under operando spectrophotometric monitoring of the electrolyte composition during the discharge. We established that chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) is the key intermediate product; its fraction in the electrolyte solution increases progressively, up to its maximum, equal to 0.4–0.6 of the initial amount of chlorate anions, whereas the ClO<sub>2</sub> amount decreases gradually to a zero value in the later stage. In most discharge experiments, the Faradaic yield exceeded 90% (maximal value: 99%), providing approximately 48% chemical energy storage-to-electricity conversion efficiency at maximal power of the discharge (max value: 402 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). These results support prospect of a hydrogen-chlorate flow current generator as a highly specific energy-capacity source for airless media.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5638hybrid power sourcechlorate electroreductionhydrogen anodemediator autocatalysishigh specific energy storage |
| spellingShingle | Dmitry V. Konev Olga I. Istakova Evgeny A. Ruban Artem T. Glazkov Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation Molecules hybrid power source chlorate electroreduction hydrogen anode mediator autocatalysis high specific energy storage |
| title | Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation |
| title_full | Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation |
| title_short | Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation |
| title_sort | hydrogen chlorate electric power source feasibility of the device discharge characteristics and modes of operation |
| topic | hybrid power source chlorate electroreduction hydrogen anode mediator autocatalysis high specific energy storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5638 |
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