Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods
In vertebrates, receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled superfamily (GPCRs) play an important role in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis and are activated by peptide hormones produced in the brain-gut axis. These peptides regulate appetite and energy expenditure by promoting or in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2012.00157/full |
| _version_ | 1818238449808834560 |
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| author | Joao Carlos dos Reis Cardoso Rute Castelo Felix Vera Garcia Fonseca Deborah Mary Power |
| author_facet | Joao Carlos dos Reis Cardoso Rute Castelo Felix Vera Garcia Fonseca Deborah Mary Power |
| author_sort | Joao Carlos dos Reis Cardoso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In vertebrates, receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled superfamily (GPCRs) play an important role in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis and are activated by peptide hormones produced in the brain-gut axis. These peptides regulate appetite and energy expenditure by promoting or inhibiting food intake. Sequence and function homologues of human GPCRs involved in feeding exist in the nematode roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and the arthropod fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), suggesting that the mechanisms that regulate food intake emerged early and have been conserved during metazoan radiation. Nematodes and arthropods are the most diverse and successful animal phyla on Earth. They can survive in a vast diversity of environments and have acquired distinct life styles and feeding strategies. The aim of the present review is to investigate if this diversity has affected the evolution of invertebrate GPCRs. Homologues of the C. elegans and D. melanogaster rhodopsin receptors were characterized in the genome of other nematodes and arthropods and receptor evolution compared. With the exception of bombesin receptors (BBR) that are absent from nematodes, a similar gene complement was found. In arthropods, rhodopsin GPCR evolution is characterized by species-specific gene duplications and deletions and in nematodes by gene expansions in species with a free-living stage and gene deletions in representatives of obligate parasitic taxa. Based upon variation in GPCR gene number and potentially divergent functions within phyla we hypothesize that life style and feeding diversity practiced by nematodes and arthropods was one factor that contributed to rhodopsin GPCR gene evolution. Understanding how the regulation of food intake has evolved in invertebrates will contribute to the development of novel drugs to control nematodes and arthropods and the pests and diseases that use them as vectors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:41:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6070dd8a0ca45ec924975fffb3596c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:41:50Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6070dd8a0ca45ec924975fffb3596c42022-12-22T00:24:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922012-12-01310.3389/fendo.2012.0015735103Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropodsJoao Carlos dos Reis Cardoso0Rute Castelo Felix1Vera Garcia Fonseca2Deborah Mary Power3Centre of Marine SciencesCentre of Marine SciencesCentre of Marine SciencesCentre of Marine SciencesIn vertebrates, receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled superfamily (GPCRs) play an important role in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis and are activated by peptide hormones produced in the brain-gut axis. These peptides regulate appetite and energy expenditure by promoting or inhibiting food intake. Sequence and function homologues of human GPCRs involved in feeding exist in the nematode roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and the arthropod fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), suggesting that the mechanisms that regulate food intake emerged early and have been conserved during metazoan radiation. Nematodes and arthropods are the most diverse and successful animal phyla on Earth. They can survive in a vast diversity of environments and have acquired distinct life styles and feeding strategies. The aim of the present review is to investigate if this diversity has affected the evolution of invertebrate GPCRs. Homologues of the C. elegans and D. melanogaster rhodopsin receptors were characterized in the genome of other nematodes and arthropods and receptor evolution compared. With the exception of bombesin receptors (BBR) that are absent from nematodes, a similar gene complement was found. In arthropods, rhodopsin GPCR evolution is characterized by species-specific gene duplications and deletions and in nematodes by gene expansions in species with a free-living stage and gene deletions in representatives of obligate parasitic taxa. Based upon variation in GPCR gene number and potentially divergent functions within phyla we hypothesize that life style and feeding diversity practiced by nematodes and arthropods was one factor that contributed to rhodopsin GPCR gene evolution. Understanding how the regulation of food intake has evolved in invertebrates will contribute to the development of novel drugs to control nematodes and arthropods and the pests and diseases that use them as vectors.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2012.00157/fullInvertebratesevolutionfeedingconservationrhodopsin GPCR |
| spellingShingle | Joao Carlos dos Reis Cardoso Rute Castelo Felix Vera Garcia Fonseca Deborah Mary Power Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods Frontiers in Endocrinology Invertebrates evolution feeding conservation rhodopsin GPCR |
| title | Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods |
| title_full | Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods |
| title_fullStr | Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods |
| title_short | Feeding and the rhodopsin family G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in nematodes and arthropods |
| title_sort | feeding and the rhodopsin family g protein coupled receptors gpcrs in nematodes and arthropods |
| topic | Invertebrates evolution feeding conservation rhodopsin GPCR |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2012.00157/full |
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