Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by degradation of the joints. OA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading contributors to disease burden worldwide, with a high level of overlap between the risk factors and occurrence of both conditions. Chief among the risk fact...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.825147/full |
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| author | Yixue Mei Jennifer S. Williams Erin K. Webb Alison K. Shea Maureen J. MacDonald Baraa K. Al-Khazraji |
| author_facet | Yixue Mei Jennifer S. Williams Erin K. Webb Alison K. Shea Maureen J. MacDonald Baraa K. Al-Khazraji |
| author_sort | Yixue Mei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by degradation of the joints. OA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading contributors to disease burden worldwide, with a high level of overlap between the risk factors and occurrence of both conditions. Chief among the risk factors that contribute to OA and CVD are sex and age, which are both independent and interacting traits. Specifically, the prevalence of both conditions is higher in older women, which may be mediated by the occurrence of menopause. Menopause represents a significant transition in a women's life, and the rapid decline in circulating sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, leads to complex physiological changes. Declines in hormone levels may partially explain the increase in prevalence of OA and CVD in post-menopausal women. In theory, the use of hormone therapy (HT) may buffer adverse effects of menopause; however, it is unclear whether HT offers protective effects for the onset or progression of these diseases. Studies have shown mixed results when describing the influence of HT on disease risk among post-menopausal women, which warrants further exploration. The roles that increasing age, female sex, HT, and CVD play in OA risk demonstrate that OA is a multifaceted condition. This review provides a timely consolidation of current literature and suggests aims for future research directions to bridge gaps in the understanding of how OA, CVD, and HT interact in post-menopausal women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T02:30:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6177a3ea46d4391be93deef97560167 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T02:30:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6177a3ea46d4391be93deef975601672023-01-02T21:40:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences2673-68612022-03-01310.3389/fresc.2022.825147825147Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative ReviewYixue Mei0Jennifer S. Williams1Erin K. Webb2Alison K. Shea3Maureen J. MacDonald4Baraa K. Al-Khazraji5Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaOsteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by degradation of the joints. OA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading contributors to disease burden worldwide, with a high level of overlap between the risk factors and occurrence of both conditions. Chief among the risk factors that contribute to OA and CVD are sex and age, which are both independent and interacting traits. Specifically, the prevalence of both conditions is higher in older women, which may be mediated by the occurrence of menopause. Menopause represents a significant transition in a women's life, and the rapid decline in circulating sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, leads to complex physiological changes. Declines in hormone levels may partially explain the increase in prevalence of OA and CVD in post-menopausal women. In theory, the use of hormone therapy (HT) may buffer adverse effects of menopause; however, it is unclear whether HT offers protective effects for the onset or progression of these diseases. Studies have shown mixed results when describing the influence of HT on disease risk among post-menopausal women, which warrants further exploration. The roles that increasing age, female sex, HT, and CVD play in OA risk demonstrate that OA is a multifaceted condition. This review provides a timely consolidation of current literature and suggests aims for future research directions to bridge gaps in the understanding of how OA, CVD, and HT interact in post-menopausal women.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.825147/fullmenopauseosteoarthritiscardiovascular diseasehormone therapyaging/ageingcardiovascular disease risk factors |
| spellingShingle | Yixue Mei Jennifer S. Williams Erin K. Webb Alison K. Shea Maureen J. MacDonald Baraa K. Al-Khazraji Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences menopause osteoarthritis cardiovascular disease hormone therapy aging/ageing cardiovascular disease risk factors |
| title | Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | roles of hormone replacement therapy and menopause on osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease outcomes a narrative review |
| topic | menopause osteoarthritis cardiovascular disease hormone therapy aging/ageing cardiovascular disease risk factors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.825147/full |
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