Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis
Background: Interaction between local anesthetic solution, lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline), and root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) has not been studied earlier. Hence, the purpose of this...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2014-01-01
|
| Series: | Dental Research Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.drjjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-3327;year=2014;volume=11;issue=3;spage=395;epage=399;aulast=Vidhya |
| _version_ | 1818214119654817792 |
|---|---|
| author | Nirmal Vidhya Balasubramanian Saravana Karthikeyan Natanasabapathy Velmurugan Mohan Abarajithan Sivasankaran Nithyanandan |
| author_facet | Nirmal Vidhya Balasubramanian Saravana Karthikeyan Natanasabapathy Velmurugan Mohan Abarajithan Sivasankaran Nithyanandan |
| author_sort | Nirmal Vidhya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Interaction between local anesthetic solution, lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline), and root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) has not been studied earlier. Hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the chemical interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and commonly used root canal irrigants, NaOCl, EDTA, and CHX.
Materials and Methods: Samples were divided into eight experimental groups: Group I-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/3% NaOCl, Group II-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/17% EDTA, Group III- Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/2% CHX, Group IV-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/3% NaOCl, Group V-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/17% EDTA, Group VI-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/2% CHX, and two control groups: Group VII-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/deionized water and Group VIII-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/deionized water. The respective solutions of various groups were mixed in equal proportions (1 ml each) and observed for precipitate formation. Chemical composition of the formed precipitate was then analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and confirmed with diazotation test.
Results: In groups I and IV, a white precipitate was observed in all the samples on mixing the respective solutions, which showed a color change to reddish brown after 15 minutes. This precipitate was then analysed by NMR spectroscopy and was observed to be 2,6-xylidine, a reported toxic compound. The experimental groups II, III, V, and VI and control groups VII and VIII showed no precipitate formation in any of the respective samples, until 2 hours.
Conclusion: Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and NaOCl showed precipitate formation containing 2,6-xylidine, a toxic compound. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:15:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a61e3cb2298d42ab86d3f9cba2cebed1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1735-3327 2008-0255 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:15:07Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dental Research Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-a61e3cb2298d42ab86d3f9cba2cebed12022-12-22T00:35:02ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsDental Research Journal1735-33272008-02552014-01-0111339539910.4103/1735-3327.135922Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysisNirmal VidhyaBalasubramanian Saravana KarthikeyanNatanasabapathy VelmuruganMohan AbarajithanSivasankaran NithyanandanBackground: Interaction between local anesthetic solution, lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline), and root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) has not been studied earlier. Hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the chemical interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and commonly used root canal irrigants, NaOCl, EDTA, and CHX. Materials and Methods: Samples were divided into eight experimental groups: Group I-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/3% NaOCl, Group II-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/17% EDTA, Group III- Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/2% CHX, Group IV-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/3% NaOCl, Group V-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/17% EDTA, Group VI-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/2% CHX, and two control groups: Group VII-Lidocaine hydrochloride (with adrenaline)/deionized water and Group VIII-Lidocaine hydrochloride (without adrenaline)/deionized water. The respective solutions of various groups were mixed in equal proportions (1 ml each) and observed for precipitate formation. Chemical composition of the formed precipitate was then analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and confirmed with diazotation test. Results: In groups I and IV, a white precipitate was observed in all the samples on mixing the respective solutions, which showed a color change to reddish brown after 15 minutes. This precipitate was then analysed by NMR spectroscopy and was observed to be 2,6-xylidine, a reported toxic compound. The experimental groups II, III, V, and VI and control groups VII and VIII showed no precipitate formation in any of the respective samples, until 2 hours. Conclusion: Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and NaOCl showed precipitate formation containing 2,6-xylidine, a toxic compound.http://www.drjjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-3327;year=2014;volume=11;issue=3;spage=395;epage=399;aulast=VidhyaLidocaine hydrochlorideprecipitatesodium hypochlorite26-xylidine |
| spellingShingle | Nirmal Vidhya Balasubramanian Saravana Karthikeyan Natanasabapathy Velmurugan Mohan Abarajithan Sivasankaran Nithyanandan Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis Dental Research Journal Lidocaine hydrochloride precipitate sodium hypochlorite 2 6-xylidine |
| title | Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis |
| title_full | Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis |
| title_fullStr | Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis |
| title_short | Interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline) and various irrigants: A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis |
| title_sort | interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride with and without adrenaline and various irrigants a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis |
| topic | Lidocaine hydrochloride precipitate sodium hypochlorite 2 6-xylidine |
| url | http://www.drjjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-3327;year=2014;volume=11;issue=3;spage=395;epage=399;aulast=Vidhya |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nirmalvidhya interactionbetweenlidocainehydrochloridewithandwithoutadrenalineandvariousirrigantsanuclearmagneticresonanceanalysis AT balasubramaniansaravanakarthikeyan interactionbetweenlidocainehydrochloridewithandwithoutadrenalineandvariousirrigantsanuclearmagneticresonanceanalysis AT natanasabapathyvelmurugan interactionbetweenlidocainehydrochloridewithandwithoutadrenalineandvariousirrigantsanuclearmagneticresonanceanalysis AT mohanabarajithan interactionbetweenlidocainehydrochloridewithandwithoutadrenalineandvariousirrigantsanuclearmagneticresonanceanalysis AT sivasankarannithyanandan interactionbetweenlidocainehydrochloridewithandwithoutadrenalineandvariousirrigantsanuclearmagneticresonanceanalysis |