Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis
Fresh jasmine flowers have been used to make jasmine teas in China, but there has been no complete information about volatile organic compound emissions in relation to flower developmental stages and no science-based knowledge about which floral stage should be used for the infusion. This study moni...
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MDPI AG
2017-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/546 |
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| author | Ying Yu Shiheng Lyu Dan Chen Yi Lin Jianjun Chen Guixin Chen Naixing Ye |
| author_facet | Ying Yu Shiheng Lyu Dan Chen Yi Lin Jianjun Chen Guixin Chen Naixing Ye |
| author_sort | Ying Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fresh jasmine flowers have been used to make jasmine teas in China, but there has been no complete information about volatile organic compound emissions in relation to flower developmental stages and no science-based knowledge about which floral stage should be used for the infusion. This study monitored volatile organic compounds emitted from living flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. ‘Bifoliatum’ at five developmental stages and also from excised flowers. Among the compounds identified, α-farnesene, linalool, and benzyl acetate were most abundant. Since α-farnesene is synthesized through the Mevalonate pathway, four genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and terpene synthase were isolated. Their expression patterns in living flowers at the five stages and in excised flowers coincided with the emission patterns of α-farnesene. Application of lovastatin, a HMGR inhibitor, significantly reduced the expression of the genes and greatly decreased the emission of α-farnesene. The sweet scent was diminished from lovastatin-treated flowers as well. These results indicate that α-farnesene is an important compound emitted from jasmine flowers, and its emission patterns suggest that flowers at the opening stage or flower buds 8 h after excision should be used for the infusion of tea leaves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:30:00Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a6257f3ec06749a59151d83c5eb653af |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:30:00Z |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6257f3ec06749a59151d83c5eb653af2022-12-22T03:19:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492017-03-0122454610.3390/molecules22040546molecules22040546Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene BiosynthesisYing Yu0Shiheng Lyu1Dan Chen2Yi Lin3Jianjun Chen4Guixin Chen5Naixing Ye6College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinaFresh jasmine flowers have been used to make jasmine teas in China, but there has been no complete information about volatile organic compound emissions in relation to flower developmental stages and no science-based knowledge about which floral stage should be used for the infusion. This study monitored volatile organic compounds emitted from living flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. ‘Bifoliatum’ at five developmental stages and also from excised flowers. Among the compounds identified, α-farnesene, linalool, and benzyl acetate were most abundant. Since α-farnesene is synthesized through the Mevalonate pathway, four genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and terpene synthase were isolated. Their expression patterns in living flowers at the five stages and in excised flowers coincided with the emission patterns of α-farnesene. Application of lovastatin, a HMGR inhibitor, significantly reduced the expression of the genes and greatly decreased the emission of α-farnesene. The sweet scent was diminished from lovastatin-treated flowers as well. These results indicate that α-farnesene is an important compound emitted from jasmine flowers, and its emission patterns suggest that flowers at the opening stage or flower buds 8 h after excision should be used for the infusion of tea leaves.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/546jasmineJasminum sambac (L.) Aitonα-farnesene3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS)3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR)farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS)lovastatinterpene synthase (TPS) |
| spellingShingle | Ying Yu Shiheng Lyu Dan Chen Yi Lin Jianjun Chen Guixin Chen Naixing Ye Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis Molecules jasmine Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton α-farnesene 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) lovastatin terpene synthase (TPS) |
| title | Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis |
| title_full | Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis |
| title_fullStr | Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis |
| title_short | Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis |
| title_sort | volatiles emitted at different flowering stages of jasminum sambac and expression of genes related to α farnesene biosynthesis |
| topic | jasmine Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton α-farnesene 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) lovastatin terpene synthase (TPS) |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/546 |
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