Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants
ABSTRACT Serological tests are beneficial for recognizing the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify protective immunity, optimization of the chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test (CRNT) is critical. Whether commercial antibody tests...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/Spectrum.00560-21 |
| _version_ | 1798015802073415680 |
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| author | Yoshitomo Morinaga Hideki Tani Yasushi Terasaki Satoshi Nomura Hitoshi Kawasuji Takahisa Shimada Emiko Igarashi Yumiko Saga Yoshihiro Yoshida Rei Yasukochi Makito Kaneda Yushi Murai Akitoshi Ueno Yuki Miyajima Yasutaka Fukui Kentaro Nagaoka Chikako Ono Yoshiharu Matsuura Takashi Fujimura Yoichi Ishida Kazunori Oishi Yoshihiro Yamamoto |
| author_facet | Yoshitomo Morinaga Hideki Tani Yasushi Terasaki Satoshi Nomura Hitoshi Kawasuji Takahisa Shimada Emiko Igarashi Yumiko Saga Yoshihiro Yoshida Rei Yasukochi Makito Kaneda Yushi Murai Akitoshi Ueno Yuki Miyajima Yasutaka Fukui Kentaro Nagaoka Chikako Ono Yoshiharu Matsuura Takashi Fujimura Yoichi Ishida Kazunori Oishi Yoshihiro Yamamoto |
| author_sort | Yoshitomo Morinaga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Serological tests are beneficial for recognizing the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify protective immunity, optimization of the chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test (CRNT) is critical. Whether commercial antibody tests have comparable accuracy is unknown. Serum samples were obtained from COVID-19 patients (n = 74), SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative (n = 179), and suspected healthy individuals (n = 229) before SARS-CoV-2 variants had been detected locally. The convalescent phase was defined as the period after day 10 from disease onset or the episode of close contact. The CRNT using pseudotyped viruses displaying the wild-type (WT) spike protein and a commercial anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody test were assayed. Serology for the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants was also assayed. Both tests concurred for symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the convalescent phase. They clearly differentiated between patients and suspected healthy individuals (sensitivity: 95.8% and 100%, respectively; specificity: 99.1% and 100%, respectively). Anti-RBD antibody test results correlated with neutralizing titers (r = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.38). Compared with the WT, lower CRNT values were observed for the variants. Of the samples with ≥100 U/mL by the anti-RBD antibody test, 77.8% and 88.9% showed ≥50% neutralization against the B.1.1.7 and the B.1.351 variants, respectively. Exceeding 100 U/mL in the anti-RBD antibody test was associated with neutralization of variants (P < 0.01). The CRNT and commercial anti-RBD antibody test effectively classified convalescent COVID-19 patients. Strong positive results with the anti-RBD antibody test can reflect neutralizing activity against emerging variants. IMPORTANCE This study provides a diagnostic evidence of test validity, which can lead to vaccine efficacy and proof of recovery after COVID-19. It is not easy to know neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical laboratory because of technical and biohazard issues. The correlation of the quantitative anti-receptor-binding domain antibody test, which is widely available, with neutralizing test indicates that we can know indirectly the state of acquisition of functional immunity against wild and variant-type viruses in the clinical laboratory. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:39:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a628250de1dd4f819d6c39bc77c949ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-a628250de1dd4f819d6c39bc77c949ba2022-12-22T04:15:51ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972021-12-019310.1128/Spectrum.00560-21Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging VariantsYoshitomo Morinaga0Hideki Tani1Yasushi Terasaki2Satoshi Nomura3Hitoshi Kawasuji4Takahisa Shimada5Emiko Igarashi6Yumiko Saga7Yoshihiro Yoshida8Rei Yasukochi9Makito Kaneda10Yushi Murai11Akitoshi Ueno12Yuki Miyajima13Yasutaka Fukui14Kentaro Nagaoka15Chikako Ono16Yoshiharu Matsuura17Takashi Fujimura18Yoichi Ishida19Kazunori Oishi20Yoshihiro Yamamoto21Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanToyama City Hospital, Toyama, JapanToyama City Hospital, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanLaboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, JapanLaboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, JapanToyama City Hospital, Toyama, JapanToyama City Hospital, Toyama, JapanToyama Institute of Health, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, JapanABSTRACT Serological tests are beneficial for recognizing the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify protective immunity, optimization of the chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test (CRNT) is critical. Whether commercial antibody tests have comparable accuracy is unknown. Serum samples were obtained from COVID-19 patients (n = 74), SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative (n = 179), and suspected healthy individuals (n = 229) before SARS-CoV-2 variants had been detected locally. The convalescent phase was defined as the period after day 10 from disease onset or the episode of close contact. The CRNT using pseudotyped viruses displaying the wild-type (WT) spike protein and a commercial anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody test were assayed. Serology for the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants was also assayed. Both tests concurred for symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the convalescent phase. They clearly differentiated between patients and suspected healthy individuals (sensitivity: 95.8% and 100%, respectively; specificity: 99.1% and 100%, respectively). Anti-RBD antibody test results correlated with neutralizing titers (r = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.38). Compared with the WT, lower CRNT values were observed for the variants. Of the samples with ≥100 U/mL by the anti-RBD antibody test, 77.8% and 88.9% showed ≥50% neutralization against the B.1.1.7 and the B.1.351 variants, respectively. Exceeding 100 U/mL in the anti-RBD antibody test was associated with neutralization of variants (P < 0.01). The CRNT and commercial anti-RBD antibody test effectively classified convalescent COVID-19 patients. Strong positive results with the anti-RBD antibody test can reflect neutralizing activity against emerging variants. IMPORTANCE This study provides a diagnostic evidence of test validity, which can lead to vaccine efficacy and proof of recovery after COVID-19. It is not easy to know neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical laboratory because of technical and biohazard issues. The correlation of the quantitative anti-receptor-binding domain antibody test, which is widely available, with neutralizing test indicates that we can know indirectly the state of acquisition of functional immunity against wild and variant-type viruses in the clinical laboratory.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/Spectrum.00560-21neutralizing antibodiesseroconversionreceptor-binding domainconvalescenthigh throughput |
| spellingShingle | Yoshitomo Morinaga Hideki Tani Yasushi Terasaki Satoshi Nomura Hitoshi Kawasuji Takahisa Shimada Emiko Igarashi Yumiko Saga Yoshihiro Yoshida Rei Yasukochi Makito Kaneda Yushi Murai Akitoshi Ueno Yuki Miyajima Yasutaka Fukui Kentaro Nagaoka Chikako Ono Yoshiharu Matsuura Takashi Fujimura Yoichi Ishida Kazunori Oishi Yoshihiro Yamamoto Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants Microbiology Spectrum neutralizing antibodies seroconversion receptor-binding domain convalescent high throughput |
| title | Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants |
| title_full | Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants |
| title_fullStr | Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants |
| title_short | Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants |
| title_sort | correlation of the commercial anti sars cov 2 receptor binding domain antibody test with the chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test and possible detection of antibodies to emerging variants |
| topic | neutralizing antibodies seroconversion receptor-binding domain convalescent high throughput |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/Spectrum.00560-21 |
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