Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation
The eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal neural cells. If immune privilege is breached, immune stimuli will invade the eye and subsequently trigger acute inflamma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12090 |
| _version_ | 1797586693532942336 |
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| author | Xudong Wang Tianxi Wang Enton Lam David Alvarez Ye Sun |
| author_facet | Xudong Wang Tianxi Wang Enton Lam David Alvarez Ye Sun |
| author_sort | Xudong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal neural cells. If immune privilege is breached, immune stimuli will invade the eye and subsequently trigger acute inflammatory responses. Local resident microglia become active and release numerous immunological factors to protect the integrity of retinal neural cells. Although acute inflammatory responses are necessary to control and eradicate insults to the eye, chronic inflammation can cause retinal tissue damage and cell dysfunction, leading to ocular disease and vision loss. In this review, we summarized features of immune privilege in the retina and the key inflammatory responses, factors, and intracellular pathways activated when retinal immune privilege fails, as well as a highlight of the recent clinical and research advances in ocular immunity and ocular vascular diseases including retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:26:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a62e2a1e8d314ce79d9ebf368c3177e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:26:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a62e2a1e8d314ce79d9ebf368c3177e22023-11-18T23:00:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-07-0124151209010.3390/ijms241512090Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to InflammationXudong Wang0Tianxi Wang1Enton Lam2David Alvarez3Ye Sun4Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USAThe eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal neural cells. If immune privilege is breached, immune stimuli will invade the eye and subsequently trigger acute inflammatory responses. Local resident microglia become active and release numerous immunological factors to protect the integrity of retinal neural cells. Although acute inflammatory responses are necessary to control and eradicate insults to the eye, chronic inflammation can cause retinal tissue damage and cell dysfunction, leading to ocular disease and vision loss. In this review, we summarized features of immune privilege in the retina and the key inflammatory responses, factors, and intracellular pathways activated when retinal immune privilege fails, as well as a highlight of the recent clinical and research advances in ocular immunity and ocular vascular diseases including retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12090retinaimmune privilegeinflammationretinopathy of prematurityage-related macular degenerationdiabetic retinopathy |
| spellingShingle | Xudong Wang Tianxi Wang Enton Lam David Alvarez Ye Sun Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation International Journal of Molecular Sciences retina immune privilege inflammation retinopathy of prematurity age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy |
| title | Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation |
| title_full | Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation |
| title_short | Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation |
| title_sort | ocular vascular diseases from retinal immune privilege to inflammation |
| topic | retina immune privilege inflammation retinopathy of prematurity age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12090 |
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