Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae)
Dragon lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) comprise about 520 species in six subfamilies distributed across Asia, Australasia and Africa. Only five species are known to have sex chromosomes. All of them possess ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, which are microchromosomes in four species from the subfamily Amphiboluri...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/6/698 |
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| author | Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam Marie Altmanová Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut Arthur Georges Stephen D. Sarre Stuart V. Nielsen Tony Gamble Kornsorn Srikulnath Michail Rovatsos Lukáš Kratochvíl Tariq Ezaz |
| author_facet | Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam Marie Altmanová Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut Arthur Georges Stephen D. Sarre Stuart V. Nielsen Tony Gamble Kornsorn Srikulnath Michail Rovatsos Lukáš Kratochvíl Tariq Ezaz |
| author_sort | Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dragon lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) comprise about 520 species in six subfamilies distributed across Asia, Australasia and Africa. Only five species are known to have sex chromosomes. All of them possess ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, which are microchromosomes in four species from the subfamily Amphibolurinae, but much larger in <i>Phrynocephalus vlangalii</i> from the subfamily Agaminae. In most previous studies of these sex chromosomes, the focus has been on Australian species from the subfamily Amphibolurinae, but only the sex chromosomes of the Australian central bearded dragon (<i>Pogona vitticeps</i>) are well-characterized cytogenetically. To determine the level of synteny of the sex chromosomes of <i>P. vitticeps</i> across agamid subfamilies, we performed cross-species two-colour FISH using two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from the pseudo-autosomal regions of <i>P. vitticeps</i>. We mapped these two BACs across representative species from all six subfamilies as well as two species of chameleons, the sister group to agamids. We found that one of these BAC sequences is conserved in macrochromosomes and the other in microchromosomes across the agamid lineages. However, within the Amphibolurinae, there is evidence of multiple chromosomal rearrangements with one of the BACs mapping to the second-largest chromosome pair and to the microchromosomes in multiple species including the sex chromosomes of <i>P. vitticeps</i>. Intriguingly, no hybridization signal was observed in chameleons for either of these BACs, suggesting a likely agamid origin of these sequences. Our study shows lineage-specific evolution of sequences/syntenic blocks and successive rearrangements and reveals a complex history of sequences leading to their association with important biological processes such as the evolution of sex chromosomes and sex determination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:54:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a649bf2f69724ed1be8e31863da109af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:54:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-a649bf2f69724ed1be8e31863da109af2023-11-20T04:55:11ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-06-0111669810.3390/genes11060698Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae)Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam0Marie Altmanová1Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut2Arthur Georges3Stephen D. Sarre4Stuart V. Nielsen5Tony Gamble6Kornsorn Srikulnath7Michail Rovatsos8Lukáš Kratochvíl9Tariq Ezaz10Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Animal Cytogenetics & Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USALaboratory of Animal Cytogenetics & Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaDragon lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) comprise about 520 species in six subfamilies distributed across Asia, Australasia and Africa. Only five species are known to have sex chromosomes. All of them possess ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, which are microchromosomes in four species from the subfamily Amphibolurinae, but much larger in <i>Phrynocephalus vlangalii</i> from the subfamily Agaminae. In most previous studies of these sex chromosomes, the focus has been on Australian species from the subfamily Amphibolurinae, but only the sex chromosomes of the Australian central bearded dragon (<i>Pogona vitticeps</i>) are well-characterized cytogenetically. To determine the level of synteny of the sex chromosomes of <i>P. vitticeps</i> across agamid subfamilies, we performed cross-species two-colour FISH using two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from the pseudo-autosomal regions of <i>P. vitticeps</i>. We mapped these two BACs across representative species from all six subfamilies as well as two species of chameleons, the sister group to agamids. We found that one of these BAC sequences is conserved in macrochromosomes and the other in microchromosomes across the agamid lineages. However, within the Amphibolurinae, there is evidence of multiple chromosomal rearrangements with one of the BACs mapping to the second-largest chromosome pair and to the microchromosomes in multiple species including the sex chromosomes of <i>P. vitticeps</i>. Intriguingly, no hybridization signal was observed in chameleons for either of these BACs, suggesting a likely agamid origin of these sequences. Our study shows lineage-specific evolution of sequences/syntenic blocks and successive rearrangements and reveals a complex history of sequences leading to their association with important biological processes such as the evolution of sex chromosomes and sex determination.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/6/698agamid lizardssex chromosomesBACssyntenyevolutionFISH |
| spellingShingle | Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam Marie Altmanová Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut Arthur Georges Stephen D. Sarre Stuart V. Nielsen Tony Gamble Kornsorn Srikulnath Michail Rovatsos Lukáš Kratochvíl Tariq Ezaz Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) Genes agamid lizards sex chromosomes BACs synteny evolution FISH |
| title | Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) |
| title_full | Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) |
| title_fullStr | Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) |
| title_short | Cross-Species BAC Mapping Highlights Conservation of Chromosome Synteny across Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) |
| title_sort | cross species bac mapping highlights conservation of chromosome synteny across dragon lizards squamata agamidae |
| topic | agamid lizards sex chromosomes BACs synteny evolution FISH |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/6/698 |
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