Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove
Mangrove forests have declined worldwide and understanding the key drivers of regeneration at different perturbation levels can help manage and preserve these critical ecosystems. For example, the Ramsar site # 1602, located at the Tampamachoco lagoon, Veracruz, México, consists of a dense forest of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/8/989 |
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| author | Agustín de Jesús Basáñez-Muñoz Adán Guillermo Jordán-Garza Arturo Serrano |
| author_facet | Agustín de Jesús Basáñez-Muñoz Adán Guillermo Jordán-Garza Arturo Serrano |
| author_sort | Agustín de Jesús Basáñez-Muñoz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mangrove forests have declined worldwide and understanding the key drivers of regeneration at different perturbation levels can help manage and preserve these critical ecosystems. For example, the Ramsar site # 1602, located at the Tampamachoco lagoon, Veracruz, México, consists of a dense forest of medium-sized trees composed of three mangrove species. Due to several human activities, including the construction of a power plant around the 1990s, an area of approximately 2.3 km<sup>2</sup> has suffered differential levels of perturbation: complete mortality, partial tree loss (divided into two sections: main and isolated patch), and apparently undisturbed sites. The number and size of trees, from seedlings to adults, were measured using transects and quadrats. With a matrix of the abundance of trees by size categories and species, an ordination (nMDS) showed three distinct groups corresponding to the degree of perturbation. Projection matrices based on the size structure of <i>Avicennia germinans</i> showed transition probabilities that varied according to perturbation levels. Lambda showed growing populations except on the zone that showed partial tree loss; a relatively high abundance of seedlings is not enough to ensure stable mangrove dynamics or start regeneration; and the survival of young trees and adult trees showed high sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a659e25a2afb44b486e0e1e4d5d61a67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-a659e25a2afb44b486e0e1e4d5d61a672023-11-22T07:41:59ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-07-0112898910.3390/f12080989Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico MangroveAgustín de Jesús Basáñez-Muñoz0Adán Guillermo Jordán-Garza1Arturo Serrano2Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Cuerpo Académico Manejo de Ambientes Marinos y Costeros, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan 92870, MexicoCoral Reefs Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Cuerpo Académico Ecosistemas Costeros, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan 92870, MexicoObservatorio Marino y Costero, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan 92870, MexicoMangrove forests have declined worldwide and understanding the key drivers of regeneration at different perturbation levels can help manage and preserve these critical ecosystems. For example, the Ramsar site # 1602, located at the Tampamachoco lagoon, Veracruz, México, consists of a dense forest of medium-sized trees composed of three mangrove species. Due to several human activities, including the construction of a power plant around the 1990s, an area of approximately 2.3 km<sup>2</sup> has suffered differential levels of perturbation: complete mortality, partial tree loss (divided into two sections: main and isolated patch), and apparently undisturbed sites. The number and size of trees, from seedlings to adults, were measured using transects and quadrats. With a matrix of the abundance of trees by size categories and species, an ordination (nMDS) showed three distinct groups corresponding to the degree of perturbation. Projection matrices based on the size structure of <i>Avicennia germinans</i> showed transition probabilities that varied according to perturbation levels. Lambda showed growing populations except on the zone that showed partial tree loss; a relatively high abundance of seedlings is not enough to ensure stable mangrove dynamics or start regeneration; and the survival of young trees and adult trees showed high sensitivity.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/8/989mangroveGulf of MéxicopopulationLeslie matrix |
| spellingShingle | Agustín de Jesús Basáñez-Muñoz Adán Guillermo Jordán-Garza Arturo Serrano Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove Forests mangrove Gulf of México population Leslie matrix |
| title | Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove |
| title_full | Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove |
| title_fullStr | Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove |
| title_short | Forest Structure and Projections of <em>Avicennia germinans</em> (L.) L. at Three Levels of Perturbation in a Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Mangrove |
| title_sort | forest structure and projections of em avicennia germinans em l l at three levels of perturbation in a southwestern gulf of mexico mangrove |
| topic | mangrove Gulf of México population Leslie matrix |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/8/989 |
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