Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder
Background Six melancholic features (MFs) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D 6 ) represent the construct of melancholia along a continuum of severity (from least to most severe: depressed mood, work and activities, somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety, guilty feelings, psychomotor retardati...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125320937921 |
| _version_ | 1818522534515048448 |
|---|---|
| author | Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves Neusa Sica da Rocha |
| author_facet | Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves Neusa Sica da Rocha |
| author_sort | Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Six melancholic features (MFs) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D 6 ) represent the construct of melancholia along a continuum of severity (from least to most severe: depressed mood, work and activities, somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety, guilty feelings, psychomotor retardation). We aimed to evaluate the association between these MFs and inflammatory cytokines (IC) in the blood. Methods Each IC [interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17] was associated with the HAM-D 6 MFs of 139 severely depressed inpatients, using multiple linear regressions adjusted for covariates. Levels were compared with those of 100 healthy controls. Results Depressed mood was associated with higher levels of IL-4 ( β = 0.167; p = 0.041). Psychic anxiety: lower IL-17 levels ( β = –0.173; p = 0.039). Guilt feelings: lower IL-2 levels ( β = −0.168; p = 0.041) Psychomotor retardation: higher IL-6 levels ( β = 0.195; p = 0.017). Depressed patients’ TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-4 levels were not significantly different from controls. Depressed patients’ IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher than those of controls ( p <0.001). Conclusion Less severe MFs (depressed mood, psychic anxiety, and guilt feelings) were associated with an anti-inflammatory pattern (higher IL-4, lower IL-17 and lower IL-2, respectively). The presence of the most severe MF, psychomotor retardation, was associated with a higher pro-inflammatory response (higher IL-6). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:34:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a66f6c69cb9d4d8eaab460c1071e7bf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-1261 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:34:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a66f6c69cb9d4d8eaab460c1071e7bf32022-12-22T01:19:20ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology2045-12612020-09-011010.1177/2045125320937921Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorderLucas Primo de Carvalho AlvesNeusa Sica da RochaBackground Six melancholic features (MFs) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D 6 ) represent the construct of melancholia along a continuum of severity (from least to most severe: depressed mood, work and activities, somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety, guilty feelings, psychomotor retardation). We aimed to evaluate the association between these MFs and inflammatory cytokines (IC) in the blood. Methods Each IC [interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17] was associated with the HAM-D 6 MFs of 139 severely depressed inpatients, using multiple linear regressions adjusted for covariates. Levels were compared with those of 100 healthy controls. Results Depressed mood was associated with higher levels of IL-4 ( β = 0.167; p = 0.041). Psychic anxiety: lower IL-17 levels ( β = –0.173; p = 0.039). Guilt feelings: lower IL-2 levels ( β = −0.168; p = 0.041) Psychomotor retardation: higher IL-6 levels ( β = 0.195; p = 0.017). Depressed patients’ TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-4 levels were not significantly different from controls. Depressed patients’ IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher than those of controls ( p <0.001). Conclusion Less severe MFs (depressed mood, psychic anxiety, and guilt feelings) were associated with an anti-inflammatory pattern (higher IL-4, lower IL-17 and lower IL-2, respectively). The presence of the most severe MF, psychomotor retardation, was associated with a higher pro-inflammatory response (higher IL-6).https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125320937921 |
| spellingShingle | Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves Neusa Sica da Rocha Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology |
| title | Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder |
| title_full | Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder |
| title_fullStr | Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder |
| title_short | Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder |
| title_sort | different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125320937921 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lucasprimodecarvalhoalves differentcytokinepatternsassociatewithmelancholiaseverityamonginpatientswithmajordepressivedisorder AT neusasicadarocha differentcytokinepatternsassociatewithmelancholiaseverityamonginpatientswithmajordepressivedisorder |