Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock
(1) Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal host response to infection that produces altered physiological responses causing tissue damage and can result in organ dysfunction and, in some cases, death. Although sepsis is characterized by a malfunction of the immune s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/3/525 |
| _version_ | 1827649900000575488 |
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| author | Jesús Beltrán-García Rebeca Osca-Verdegal Beatriz Jávega Guadalupe Herrera José-Enrique O’Connor Eva García-López Germán Casabó-Vallés María Rodriguez-Gimillo José Ferreres Nieves Carbonell Federico V. Pallardó José Luis García-Giménez |
| author_facet | Jesús Beltrán-García Rebeca Osca-Verdegal Beatriz Jávega Guadalupe Herrera José-Enrique O’Connor Eva García-López Germán Casabó-Vallés María Rodriguez-Gimillo José Ferreres Nieves Carbonell Federico V. Pallardó José Luis García-Giménez |
| author_sort | Jesús Beltrán-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal host response to infection that produces altered physiological responses causing tissue damage and can result in organ dysfunction and, in some cases, death. Although sepsis is characterized by a malfunction of the immune system leading to an altered immune response and immunosuppression, the high complexity of the pathophysiology of sepsis requires further investigation to characterize the immune response in sepsis and septic shock. (2) Methods: This study analyzes the immune-related responses occurring during the early stages of sepsis by comparing the amounts of cytokines, immune modulators and other endothelial mediators of a control group and three types of severe patients: critically ill non-septic patients, septic and septic shock patients. (3) Results: We showed that in the early stages of sepsis the innate immune system attempts to counteract infection, probably via neutrophils. Conversely, the adaptive immune system is not yet fully activated, either in septic or in septic shock patients. In addition, immunosuppressive responses and pro-coagulation signals are active in patients with septic shock. (4) Conclusions: The highest levels of IL-6 and pyroptosis-related cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1α) were found in septic shock patients, which correlated with D-dimer. Moreover, endothelial function may be affected as shown by the overexpression of adhesion molecules such as s-ICAM1 and E-Selectin during septic shock. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:06:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6731718fb6348d6bb07e8ef97009065 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:06:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6731718fb6348d6bb07e8ef970090652023-11-24T00:31:30ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-02-0110352510.3390/biomedicines10030525Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic ShockJesús Beltrán-García0Rebeca Osca-Verdegal1Beatriz Jávega2Guadalupe Herrera3José-Enrique O’Connor4Eva García-López5Germán Casabó-Vallés6María Rodriguez-Gimillo7José Ferreres8Nieves Carbonell9Federico V. Pallardó10José Luis García-Giménez11Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainCenter for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainLaboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainFlow Cytometry Unit, IIS INCLIVA, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainLaboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainCenter for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainEpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, SpainINCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainINCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainINCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainCenter for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, 46010 Valencia, SpainCenter for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain(1) Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal host response to infection that produces altered physiological responses causing tissue damage and can result in organ dysfunction and, in some cases, death. Although sepsis is characterized by a malfunction of the immune system leading to an altered immune response and immunosuppression, the high complexity of the pathophysiology of sepsis requires further investigation to characterize the immune response in sepsis and septic shock. (2) Methods: This study analyzes the immune-related responses occurring during the early stages of sepsis by comparing the amounts of cytokines, immune modulators and other endothelial mediators of a control group and three types of severe patients: critically ill non-septic patients, septic and septic shock patients. (3) Results: We showed that in the early stages of sepsis the innate immune system attempts to counteract infection, probably via neutrophils. Conversely, the adaptive immune system is not yet fully activated, either in septic or in septic shock patients. In addition, immunosuppressive responses and pro-coagulation signals are active in patients with septic shock. (4) Conclusions: The highest levels of IL-6 and pyroptosis-related cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1α) were found in septic shock patients, which correlated with D-dimer. Moreover, endothelial function may be affected as shown by the overexpression of adhesion molecules such as s-ICAM1 and E-Selectin during septic shock.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/3/525sepsisimmune responseinnate immune systemadaptive immune systemcytokinesimmune mediators |
| spellingShingle | Jesús Beltrán-García Rebeca Osca-Verdegal Beatriz Jávega Guadalupe Herrera José-Enrique O’Connor Eva García-López Germán Casabó-Vallés María Rodriguez-Gimillo José Ferreres Nieves Carbonell Federico V. Pallardó José Luis García-Giménez Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock Biomedicines sepsis immune response innate immune system adaptive immune system cytokines immune mediators |
| title | Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock |
| title_full | Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock |
| title_short | Characterization of Early Peripheral Immune Responses in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock |
| title_sort | characterization of early peripheral immune responses in patients with sepsis and septic shock |
| topic | sepsis immune response innate immune system adaptive immune system cytokines immune mediators |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/3/525 |
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