Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review
Bone homeostasis (a healthy bone mass) is regulated by maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation. The regulation of physiological bone remodeling by a complex system that involves multiple cells in the skeleton is closely related to bone homeostasis. Loss of bone mass...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/1/18 |
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| author | Yingkun Hu Jinghuan Huang Chunying Chen Yi Wang Zhuowen Hao Tianhong Chen Junwu Wang Jingfeng Li |
| author_facet | Yingkun Hu Jinghuan Huang Chunying Chen Yi Wang Zhuowen Hao Tianhong Chen Junwu Wang Jingfeng Li |
| author_sort | Yingkun Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone homeostasis (a healthy bone mass) is regulated by maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation. The regulation of physiological bone remodeling by a complex system that involves multiple cells in the skeleton is closely related to bone homeostasis. Loss of bone mass or repair of bone is always accompanied by changes in bone homeostasis. However, due to the complexity of bone homeostasis, we are currently unable to identify all the mechanisms that affect bone homeostasis. To date, bone macrophages have been considered a third cellular component in addition to osteogenic spectrum cells and osteoclasts. As confirmed by co-culture models or in vivo experiments, polarized or unpolarized macrophages interact with multiple components within the bone to ensure bone homeostasis. Different macrophage phenotypes are prone to resorption and formation of bone differently. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate bone homeostasis and concludes that macrophages can control bone homeostasis from osteoclasts, mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the blood/vasculature system. The elaboration of these mechanisms in this narrative review facilitates the development of macrophage-based strategies for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and bone defects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:08:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a674adceb46343b6b62e58713bf5ba98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:08:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a674adceb46343b6b62e58713bf5ba982023-11-30T22:54:54ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832022-12-011411810.3390/jfb14010018Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative ReviewYingkun Hu0Jinghuan Huang1Chunying Chen2Yi Wang3Zhuowen Hao4Tianhong Chen5Junwu Wang6Jingfeng Li7Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaBone homeostasis (a healthy bone mass) is regulated by maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation. The regulation of physiological bone remodeling by a complex system that involves multiple cells in the skeleton is closely related to bone homeostasis. Loss of bone mass or repair of bone is always accompanied by changes in bone homeostasis. However, due to the complexity of bone homeostasis, we are currently unable to identify all the mechanisms that affect bone homeostasis. To date, bone macrophages have been considered a third cellular component in addition to osteogenic spectrum cells and osteoclasts. As confirmed by co-culture models or in vivo experiments, polarized or unpolarized macrophages interact with multiple components within the bone to ensure bone homeostasis. Different macrophage phenotypes are prone to resorption and formation of bone differently. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate bone homeostasis and concludes that macrophages can control bone homeostasis from osteoclasts, mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the blood/vasculature system. The elaboration of these mechanisms in this narrative review facilitates the development of macrophage-based strategies for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and bone defects.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/1/18bone homeostasisbone remodelingmacrophagemacrophage polarizationbone repair |
| spellingShingle | Yingkun Hu Jinghuan Huang Chunying Chen Yi Wang Zhuowen Hao Tianhong Chen Junwu Wang Jingfeng Li Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review Journal of Functional Biomaterials bone homeostasis bone remodeling macrophage macrophage polarization bone repair |
| title | Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | strategies of macrophages to maintain bone homeostasis and promote bone repair a narrative review |
| topic | bone homeostasis bone remodeling macrophage macrophage polarization bone repair |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/1/18 |
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