No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
Consolidated infection control measures imposed by the government and hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of respiratory viruses. Based on the issue of whether <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> could be transmitted by airborne and acquired from the environment, we...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/990 |
| _version_ | 1797509797268946944 |
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| author | Dayeong Kim Sun Bean Kim Soyoung Jeon Subin Kim Kyoung Hwa Lee Hye Sun Lee Sang Hoon Han |
| author_facet | Dayeong Kim Sun Bean Kim Soyoung Jeon Subin Kim Kyoung Hwa Lee Hye Sun Lee Sang Hoon Han |
| author_sort | Dayeong Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Consolidated infection control measures imposed by the government and hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of respiratory viruses. Based on the issue of whether <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> could be transmitted by airborne and acquired from the environment, we assessed changes in <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP) cases in a hospital setting before and after COVID-19. We retrospectively collected data of PCP-confirmed inpatients aged ≥18 years (<i>N</i> = 2922) in four university-affiliated hospitals between January 2015 and June 2021. The index and intervention dates were defined as the first time of <i>P. jirovecii</i> diagnosis and January 2020, respectively. We predicted PCP cases for post-COVID-19 and obtained the difference (residuals) between forecasted and observed cases using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) models. Overall, the average of observed PCP cases per month in each year were 36.1 and 47.3 for pre- and post-COVID-19, respectively. The estimate for residuals in the ARIMA model was not significantly different in the total PCP-confirmed inpatients (7.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.765). The forecasted PCP cases by the BSTS model were not significantly different from the observed cases in the post-COVID-19 (−0.6%, 95% credible interval; −9.6~9.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.450). The unprecedented strict non-pharmacological interventions did not affect PCP cases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a6778ad267e04bb5acbe2f2c182b89eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6778ad267e04bb5acbe2f2c182b89eb2023-11-22T23:56:43ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-11-0171199010.3390/jof7110990No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series AnalysesDayeong Kim0Sun Bean Kim1Soyoung Jeon2Subin Kim3Kyoung Hwa Lee4Hye Sun Lee5Sang Hoon Han6Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, KoreaBiostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, KoreaBiostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, KoreaConsolidated infection control measures imposed by the government and hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of respiratory viruses. Based on the issue of whether <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> could be transmitted by airborne and acquired from the environment, we assessed changes in <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP) cases in a hospital setting before and after COVID-19. We retrospectively collected data of PCP-confirmed inpatients aged ≥18 years (<i>N</i> = 2922) in four university-affiliated hospitals between January 2015 and June 2021. The index and intervention dates were defined as the first time of <i>P. jirovecii</i> diagnosis and January 2020, respectively. We predicted PCP cases for post-COVID-19 and obtained the difference (residuals) between forecasted and observed cases using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) models. Overall, the average of observed PCP cases per month in each year were 36.1 and 47.3 for pre- and post-COVID-19, respectively. The estimate for residuals in the ARIMA model was not significantly different in the total PCP-confirmed inpatients (7.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.765). The forecasted PCP cases by the BSTS model were not significantly different from the observed cases in the post-COVID-19 (−0.6%, 95% credible interval; −9.6~9.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.450). The unprecedented strict non-pharmacological interventions did not affect PCP cases.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/990COVID-19non-pharmacological interventions<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>pandemictime-series analysis |
| spellingShingle | Dayeong Kim Sun Bean Kim Soyoung Jeon Subin Kim Kyoung Hwa Lee Hye Sun Lee Sang Hoon Han No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses Journal of Fungi COVID-19 non-pharmacological interventions <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pandemic time-series analysis |
| title | No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses |
| title_full | No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses |
| title_fullStr | No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses |
| title_short | No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses |
| title_sort | no change of i pneumocystis jirovecii i pneumonia after the covid 19 pandemic multicenter time series analyses |
| topic | COVID-19 non-pharmacological interventions <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pandemic time-series analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/990 |
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