Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Background: The association between soy product consumption and cancer risk varies among studies. Therefore, this comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies examines the association between soy product consumption and total cancer risk. Methods: This study was conducted following the PRISM...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/986 |
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| author | Chenting Wang Keqing Ding Xuanzhen Xie Jinyue Zhou Pengju Liu Shuang Wang Ting Fang Guozhang Xu Chunlan Tang Hang Hong |
| author_facet | Chenting Wang Keqing Ding Xuanzhen Xie Jinyue Zhou Pengju Liu Shuang Wang Ting Fang Guozhang Xu Chunlan Tang Hang Hong |
| author_sort | Chenting Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The association between soy product consumption and cancer risk varies among studies. Therefore, this comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies examines the association between soy product consumption and total cancer risk. Methods: This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Up to October 2023, all eligible published studies were searched through PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results: A total of 52 studies on soy product consumption were included in this meta-analysis (17 cohort studies and 35 case–control studies). High consumption of total soy products (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.80), tofu (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.86), and soymilk (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.93) were associated with reduced total cancer risk. No association was found between high consumption of fermented soy products (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.47), non-fermented soy products (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.18), soy paste (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.14), miso soup (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.12), or natto (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.11) and cancer risk. A 54 g per day increment of total soy products reduced cancer risk by 11%, a 61 g per day increment of tofu reduced cancer risk by 12%, and a 23 g per day increment of soymilk reduced cancer risk by 28%, while none of the other soy products were associated with cancer risk. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high total soy product consumption, especially soymilk and tofu, is associated with lower cancer risk. More prospective cohort studies are still needed to confirm the causal relationship between soy product consumption and cancer risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:38:11Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:38:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a68044335f6e41888c10d2d0406a709f2024-04-12T13:24:17ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-03-0116798610.3390/nu16070986Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational StudiesChenting Wang0Keqing Ding1Xuanzhen Xie2Jinyue Zhou3Pengju Liu4Shuang Wang5Ting Fang6Guozhang Xu7Chunlan Tang8Hang Hong9School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaNingbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaBackground: The association between soy product consumption and cancer risk varies among studies. Therefore, this comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies examines the association between soy product consumption and total cancer risk. Methods: This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Up to October 2023, all eligible published studies were searched through PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results: A total of 52 studies on soy product consumption were included in this meta-analysis (17 cohort studies and 35 case–control studies). High consumption of total soy products (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.80), tofu (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.86), and soymilk (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.93) were associated with reduced total cancer risk. No association was found between high consumption of fermented soy products (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.47), non-fermented soy products (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.18), soy paste (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.14), miso soup (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.12), or natto (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.11) and cancer risk. A 54 g per day increment of total soy products reduced cancer risk by 11%, a 61 g per day increment of tofu reduced cancer risk by 12%, and a 23 g per day increment of soymilk reduced cancer risk by 28%, while none of the other soy products were associated with cancer risk. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high total soy product consumption, especially soymilk and tofu, is associated with lower cancer risk. More prospective cohort studies are still needed to confirm the causal relationship between soy product consumption and cancer risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/986soy productcancermeta-analysisdose–responseobservational study |
| spellingShingle | Chenting Wang Keqing Ding Xuanzhen Xie Jinyue Zhou Pengju Liu Shuang Wang Ting Fang Guozhang Xu Chunlan Tang Hang Hong Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Nutrients soy product cancer meta-analysis dose–response observational study |
| title | Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies |
| title_full | Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies |
| title_fullStr | Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies |
| title_short | Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies |
| title_sort | soy product consumption and the risk of cancer a systematic review and meta analysis of observational studies |
| topic | soy product cancer meta-analysis dose–response observational study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/986 |
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