Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications
In this article, a second-order iterated Circular Minkowski fractal antenna (CMFA) tailored for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is designed and developed. Leveraging the power of Minkowski fractal geometry, this antenna design achieves a high gain across the UWB frequency spectrum. The design util...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Fractal and Fractional |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/11/806 |
| _version_ | 1797459278824472576 |
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| author | Elijah Joseph Pradeep Kumar Thomas Afullo |
| author_facet | Elijah Joseph Pradeep Kumar Thomas Afullo |
| author_sort | Elijah Joseph |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this article, a second-order iterated Circular Minkowski fractal antenna (CMFA) tailored for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is designed and developed. Leveraging the power of Minkowski fractal geometry, this antenna design achieves a high gain across the UWB frequency spectrum. The design utilizes a circular groove on the ground plane and an arc slot on the radiating element for improving the antenna performance. The proposed antenna is fabricated using cost-effective material, an FR-4 substrate. The antenna is simulated and optimized. The fabricated optimized antenna undergoes real-world testing. Measured results reveal an impressive 120.6% impedance bandwidth spanning from 3.37 GHz to 13.6 GHz, with resonant frequencies at 4.43 GHz, 6.07 GHz, and 9.3 GHz. Meanwhile, the simulated results indicate an impedance bandwidth of 118% ranging from 3.17 GHz to 12.44 GHz. Real-world measurements validate the anticipated UWB traits, closely aligning with the simulation data, and confirming efficient impedance matching with a VSWR of less than 2 across the 3.37 GHz to 13.6 GHz frequency range. The radiation pattern analysis demonstrates a robust bidirectional E-plane pattern and a nearly omnidirectional H-plane pattern. This research introduces a highly promising circular Minkowski fractal antenna for UWB applications, offering exceptional bandwidth and resonance characteristics. This antenna design holds excellent potential for multi-functional wireless systems and opens avenues for enhanced UWB communication and sensing capabilities in diverse applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:49:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a684874c145e4275b8304dc764d7a9e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-3110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:49:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fractal and Fractional |
| spelling | doaj.art-a684874c145e4275b8304dc764d7a9e62023-11-24T14:43:02ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102023-11-0171180610.3390/fractalfract7110806Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband ApplicationsElijah Joseph0Pradeep Kumar1Thomas Afullo2Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South AfricaDiscipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South AfricaDiscipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South AfricaIn this article, a second-order iterated Circular Minkowski fractal antenna (CMFA) tailored for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is designed and developed. Leveraging the power of Minkowski fractal geometry, this antenna design achieves a high gain across the UWB frequency spectrum. The design utilizes a circular groove on the ground plane and an arc slot on the radiating element for improving the antenna performance. The proposed antenna is fabricated using cost-effective material, an FR-4 substrate. The antenna is simulated and optimized. The fabricated optimized antenna undergoes real-world testing. Measured results reveal an impressive 120.6% impedance bandwidth spanning from 3.37 GHz to 13.6 GHz, with resonant frequencies at 4.43 GHz, 6.07 GHz, and 9.3 GHz. Meanwhile, the simulated results indicate an impedance bandwidth of 118% ranging from 3.17 GHz to 12.44 GHz. Real-world measurements validate the anticipated UWB traits, closely aligning with the simulation data, and confirming efficient impedance matching with a VSWR of less than 2 across the 3.37 GHz to 13.6 GHz frequency range. The radiation pattern analysis demonstrates a robust bidirectional E-plane pattern and a nearly omnidirectional H-plane pattern. This research introduces a highly promising circular Minkowski fractal antenna for UWB applications, offering exceptional bandwidth and resonance characteristics. This antenna design holds excellent potential for multi-functional wireless systems and opens avenues for enhanced UWB communication and sensing capabilities in diverse applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/11/806ultra-widebandhigh gainreflection coefficientcircular Minkowski fractalpartial groundmicrostrip feedline |
| spellingShingle | Elijah Joseph Pradeep Kumar Thomas Afullo Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications Fractal and Fractional ultra-wideband high gain reflection coefficient circular Minkowski fractal partial ground microstrip feedline |
| title | Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications |
| title_full | Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications |
| title_fullStr | Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications |
| title_short | Design and Performance Evaluation of a Second-Order Iterated Circular Minkowski Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications |
| title_sort | design and performance evaluation of a second order iterated circular minkowski fractal antenna for ultra wideband applications |
| topic | ultra-wideband high gain reflection coefficient circular Minkowski fractal partial ground microstrip feedline |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/11/806 |
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