Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system
Adult neurogenesis, generation of new functional cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS), has been documented in a number of diverse organisms, ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the origin and evolution of this phenomenon is still poorly understood for many of the key phylogene...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00123/full |
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| author | Vladimir S. Mashanov Olga R. Zueva Jose E. Garcia-Arraras |
| author_facet | Vladimir S. Mashanov Olga R. Zueva Jose E. Garcia-Arraras |
| author_sort | Vladimir S. Mashanov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adult neurogenesis, generation of new functional cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS), has been documented in a number of diverse organisms, ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the origin and evolution of this phenomenon is still poorly understood for many of the key phylogenetic groups. Echinoderms are one such phylum, positioned as a sister group to chordates within the monophyletic clade Deuterostomia. They are well known for the ability of their adult organs, including the CNS, to completely regenerate after injury. Nothing is known, however, about production of new cells in the nervous tissue under normal physiological conditions in these animals. In this study, we show that new cells are continuously generated in the mature radial nerve cord (RNC) of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Importantly, this neurogenic activity is not evenly distributed, but is significantly more extensive in the lateral regions of the RNC than along the midline. Some of the new cells generated in the apical region of the ectoneural neuroepithelium leave their place of origin and migrate basally to populate the neural parenchyma. Gene expression analysis showed that generation of new cells in the adult sea cucumber CNS is associated with transcriptional activity of genes known to be involved in regulation of various aspects of neurogenesis in other animals. Further analysis of one of those genes, the transcription factor Myc showed that it is expressed, in some, but not all radial glial cells, suggesting heterogeneity of this CNS progenitor cell population in echinoderms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:48:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a68c3fd684d94051bec52a8435dbc670 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5129 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:48:02Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-a68c3fd684d94051bec52a8435dbc6702022-12-22T01:20:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy1662-51292015-09-01910.3389/fnana.2015.00123159759Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous systemVladimir S. Mashanov0Olga R. Zueva1Jose E. Garcia-Arraras2University of Puerto RicoUniversity of Puerto RicoUniversity of Puerto RicoAdult neurogenesis, generation of new functional cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS), has been documented in a number of diverse organisms, ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the origin and evolution of this phenomenon is still poorly understood for many of the key phylogenetic groups. Echinoderms are one such phylum, positioned as a sister group to chordates within the monophyletic clade Deuterostomia. They are well known for the ability of their adult organs, including the CNS, to completely regenerate after injury. Nothing is known, however, about production of new cells in the nervous tissue under normal physiological conditions in these animals. In this study, we show that new cells are continuously generated in the mature radial nerve cord (RNC) of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Importantly, this neurogenic activity is not evenly distributed, but is significantly more extensive in the lateral regions of the RNC than along the midline. Some of the new cells generated in the apical region of the ectoneural neuroepithelium leave their place of origin and migrate basally to populate the neural parenchyma. Gene expression analysis showed that generation of new cells in the adult sea cucumber CNS is associated with transcriptional activity of genes known to be involved in regulation of various aspects of neurogenesis in other animals. Further analysis of one of those genes, the transcription factor Myc showed that it is expressed, in some, but not all radial glial cells, suggesting heterogeneity of this CNS progenitor cell population in echinoderms.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00123/fullEchinodermataCNSadult neurogenesisMYCradial glianeuroepithelium |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir S. Mashanov Olga R. Zueva Jose E. Garcia-Arraras Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system Frontiers in Neuroanatomy Echinodermata CNS adult neurogenesis MYC radial glia neuroepithelium |
| title | Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system |
| title_full | Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system |
| title_fullStr | Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system |
| title_short | Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system |
| title_sort | heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system |
| topic | Echinodermata CNS adult neurogenesis MYC radial glia neuroepithelium |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00123/full |
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