Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) is the most vulnerable species to the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), one of the most devastating defoliators in the world. For decades, pest managers have advocated for reducing its abundance in the landscape to minimize losses to the spruce budworm (SBW). Alt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.680262/full |
| _version_ | 1811279435636146176 |
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| author | Daniel D. Kneeshaw Louis De Grandpré Loïc D’Orangeville Maryse Marchand Jeanne Moisan-Perrier Louis-Etienne Robert Mathieu Bouchard |
| author_facet | Daniel D. Kneeshaw Louis De Grandpré Loïc D’Orangeville Maryse Marchand Jeanne Moisan-Perrier Louis-Etienne Robert Mathieu Bouchard |
| author_sort | Daniel D. Kneeshaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) is the most vulnerable species to the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), one of the most devastating defoliators in the world. For decades, pest managers have advocated for reducing its abundance in the landscape to minimize losses to the spruce budworm (SBW). Although reduction of fir occurred during the endemic phase of the SBW cycle, there is little information about the extent to which this general principle (reduction of fir) was applied during an outbreak and whether it occurs at both stand and landscape levels. The objective of this paper is to compare the effect of insect and harvest disturbances on forest structure during the 1970–80s outbreak in Québec. We evaluate whether, (i) forest management activities targeted fir forests and whether patch size of host species influences management or SBW disturbance, (ii) SBW outbreaks and logging have similar or divergent effects on forest composition. Although data are from an earlier outbreak, they are at a scale rarely studied and will be useful in guiding decisions made at larger scales in the current and future outbreaks. Our results show that spruce was targeted preferentially by harvesting (up to 69% of plots) during the outbreak period, while it represented less than one third of plots defoliated by the SBW. On the other hand, fir stands represented up to 75% of plots that were defoliated by the SBW but less than 35% of plots that underwent harvesting. Harvesting targeted large blocks of spruce forest more than large blocks of fir-dominated forest while the opposite was observed for the SBW. In terms of regeneration, SBW tends to reduce fir and favor spruce recruitment, along with non-host species, whereas the opposite tendency was observed following harvesting. In terms of spatial organization of stands, our results support the suggestion that small stands of fir and large stands of spruce undergo the least SBW damage. Thus, in order to attenuate SBW impacts in the future, efforts should be made to ensure that spruce recruitment is favored and that its abundance increases at both the stand and landscape scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:55:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a693b9c208994fd59dba6ccb41d57664 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-893X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:55:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
| spelling | doaj.art-a693b9c208994fd59dba6ccb41d576642022-12-22T03:09:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2022-04-01510.3389/ffgc.2022.680262680262Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) OutbreakDaniel D. Kneeshaw0Louis De Grandpré1Loïc D’Orangeville2Maryse Marchand3Jeanne Moisan-Perrier4Louis-Etienne Robert5Mathieu Bouchard6Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sainte-Foy, QC, CanadaFaculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, CanadaNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sainte-Foy, QC, CanadaCenter for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaCenter for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaFaculté de Foresterie et Géomatique, Université de Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, CanadaBalsam fir (Abies balsamea) is the most vulnerable species to the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), one of the most devastating defoliators in the world. For decades, pest managers have advocated for reducing its abundance in the landscape to minimize losses to the spruce budworm (SBW). Although reduction of fir occurred during the endemic phase of the SBW cycle, there is little information about the extent to which this general principle (reduction of fir) was applied during an outbreak and whether it occurs at both stand and landscape levels. The objective of this paper is to compare the effect of insect and harvest disturbances on forest structure during the 1970–80s outbreak in Québec. We evaluate whether, (i) forest management activities targeted fir forests and whether patch size of host species influences management or SBW disturbance, (ii) SBW outbreaks and logging have similar or divergent effects on forest composition. Although data are from an earlier outbreak, they are at a scale rarely studied and will be useful in guiding decisions made at larger scales in the current and future outbreaks. Our results show that spruce was targeted preferentially by harvesting (up to 69% of plots) during the outbreak period, while it represented less than one third of plots defoliated by the SBW. On the other hand, fir stands represented up to 75% of plots that were defoliated by the SBW but less than 35% of plots that underwent harvesting. Harvesting targeted large blocks of spruce forest more than large blocks of fir-dominated forest while the opposite was observed for the SBW. In terms of regeneration, SBW tends to reduce fir and favor spruce recruitment, along with non-host species, whereas the opposite tendency was observed following harvesting. In terms of spatial organization of stands, our results support the suggestion that small stands of fir and large stands of spruce undergo the least SBW damage. Thus, in order to attenuate SBW impacts in the future, efforts should be made to ensure that spruce recruitment is favored and that its abundance increases at both the stand and landscape scale.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.680262/fullspruce budwormforest ecosystem managementlong-term managementoutbreaks vs. endemicscomposition |
| spellingShingle | Daniel D. Kneeshaw Louis De Grandpré Loïc D’Orangeville Maryse Marchand Jeanne Moisan-Perrier Louis-Etienne Robert Mathieu Bouchard Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak Frontiers in Forests and Global Change spruce budworm forest ecosystem management long-term management outbreaks vs. endemics composition |
| title | Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak |
| title_full | Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak |
| title_fullStr | Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak |
| title_short | Forest Structure and Composition Diverge Following Harvesting Compared to a Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Outbreak |
| title_sort | forest structure and composition diverge following harvesting compared to a spruce budworm choristoneura fumiferana clem outbreak |
| topic | spruce budworm forest ecosystem management long-term management outbreaks vs. endemics composition |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.680262/full |
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