Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
Ergosterol is an essential component of fungal cell membranes that determines the fluidity, permeability and activity of membrane-associated proteins. Ergosterol biosynthesis is a complex and highly energy-consuming pathway that involves the participation of many enzymes. Deficiencies in sterol bios...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/7/795 |
| _version_ | 1797562414380613632 |
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| author | Tania Jordá Sergi Puig |
| author_facet | Tania Jordá Sergi Puig |
| author_sort | Tania Jordá |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ergosterol is an essential component of fungal cell membranes that determines the fluidity, permeability and activity of membrane-associated proteins. Ergosterol biosynthesis is a complex and highly energy-consuming pathway that involves the participation of many enzymes. Deficiencies in sterol biosynthesis cause pleiotropic defects that limit cellular proliferation and adaptation to stress. Thereby, fungal ergosterol levels are tightly controlled by the bioavailability of particular metabolites (e.g., sterols, oxygen and iron) and environmental conditions. The regulation of ergosterol synthesis is achieved by overlapping mechanisms that include transcriptional expression, feedback inhibition of enzymes and changes in their subcellular localization. In the budding yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, the sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding proteins Upc2 and Ecm22, the heme-binding protein Hap1 and the repressor factors Rox1 and Mot3 coordinate ergosterol biosynthesis (<i>ERG</i>) gene expression. Here, we summarize the sterol biosynthesis, transport and detoxification systems of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, as well as its adaptive response to sterol depletion, low oxygen, hyperosmotic stress and iron deficiency. Because of the large number of <i>ERG</i> genes and the crosstalk between different environmental signals and pathways, many aspects of ergosterol regulation are still unknown. The study of sterol metabolism and its regulation is highly relevant due to its wide applications in antifungal treatments, as well as in food and pharmaceutical industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:28:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a693ccb69cea497b81ad85cd328ce787 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:28:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-a693ccb69cea497b81ad85cd328ce7872023-11-20T06:48:23ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-07-0111779510.3390/genes11070795Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>Tania Jordá0Sergi Puig1Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainErgosterol is an essential component of fungal cell membranes that determines the fluidity, permeability and activity of membrane-associated proteins. Ergosterol biosynthesis is a complex and highly energy-consuming pathway that involves the participation of many enzymes. Deficiencies in sterol biosynthesis cause pleiotropic defects that limit cellular proliferation and adaptation to stress. Thereby, fungal ergosterol levels are tightly controlled by the bioavailability of particular metabolites (e.g., sterols, oxygen and iron) and environmental conditions. The regulation of ergosterol synthesis is achieved by overlapping mechanisms that include transcriptional expression, feedback inhibition of enzymes and changes in their subcellular localization. In the budding yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, the sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding proteins Upc2 and Ecm22, the heme-binding protein Hap1 and the repressor factors Rox1 and Mot3 coordinate ergosterol biosynthesis (<i>ERG</i>) gene expression. Here, we summarize the sterol biosynthesis, transport and detoxification systems of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, as well as its adaptive response to sterol depletion, low oxygen, hyperosmotic stress and iron deficiency. Because of the large number of <i>ERG</i> genes and the crosstalk between different environmental signals and pathways, many aspects of ergosterol regulation are still unknown. The study of sterol metabolism and its regulation is highly relevant due to its wide applications in antifungal treatments, as well as in food and pharmaceutical industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/7/795ergosterolsterol biosynthesissterol regulationyeast<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>oxygen |
| spellingShingle | Tania Jordá Sergi Puig Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Genes ergosterol sterol biosynthesis sterol regulation yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> oxygen |
| title | Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> |
| title_full | Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> |
| title_short | Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> |
| title_sort | regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in i saccharomyces cerevisiae i |
| topic | ergosterol sterol biosynthesis sterol regulation yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> oxygen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/7/795 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT taniajorda regulationofergosterolbiosynthesisinisaccharomycescerevisiaei AT sergipuig regulationofergosterolbiosynthesisinisaccharomycescerevisiaei |