The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria
Protein is the most satiating macronutrient, increasing secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and diet induced thermogenesis. In phenylketonuria (PKU), natural protein is restricted with approximately 80% of intake supplied by a synthetic protein source, which may alter satiety response. Casein gly...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2704 |
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| author | Anne Daly Sharon Evans Alex Pinto Richard Jackson Catherine Ashmore Júlio César Rocha Anita MacDonald |
| author_facet | Anne Daly Sharon Evans Alex Pinto Richard Jackson Catherine Ashmore Júlio César Rocha Anita MacDonald |
| author_sort | Anne Daly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protein is the most satiating macronutrient, increasing secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and diet induced thermogenesis. In phenylketonuria (PKU), natural protein is restricted with approximately 80% of intake supplied by a synthetic protein source, which may alter satiety response. Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP-AA), a carbohydrate containing peptide and alternative protein substitute to amino acids (AA), may enhance satiety mediated by its bioactive properties. Aim: In a three-year longitudinal; prospective study, the effect of AA and two different amounts of CGMP-AA (CGMP-AA only (CGMP100) and a combination of CGMP-AA and AA (CGMP50) on satiety, weight and body mass index (BMI) were compared. Methods: 48 children with PKU completed the study. Median ages of children were: CGMP100; (<i>n</i> = 13), 9.2 years; CGMP50; (<i>n</i> = 16), 7.3 years; and AA (<i>n</i> = 19), 11.1 years. Semi-quantitative dietary assessments and anthropometry (weight, height and BMI) were measured every three months. Results: The macronutrient contribution to total energy intake from protein, carbohydrate and fat was similar across the groups. Adjusting for age and gender, no differences in energy intake, weight, BMI, incidence of overweight or obesity was apparent between the groups. Conclusion: In this three-year longitudinal study, there was no indication to support a relationship between CGMP and satiety, as evidenced by decreased energy intake, thereby preventing overweight or obesity. Satiety is a complex multi-system process that is not fully understood. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:34:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a696d5ef39784b92a6cfb30b14fcd58b2023-11-20T12:35:50ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-09-01129270410.3390/nu12092704The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in PhenylketonuriaAnne Daly0Sharon Evans1Alex Pinto2Richard Jackson3Catherine Ashmore4Júlio César Rocha5Anita MacDonald6Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKDietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKDietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKLiverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GL, UKDietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKNutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169–056 Lisboa, PortugalDietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKProtein is the most satiating macronutrient, increasing secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and diet induced thermogenesis. In phenylketonuria (PKU), natural protein is restricted with approximately 80% of intake supplied by a synthetic protein source, which may alter satiety response. Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP-AA), a carbohydrate containing peptide and alternative protein substitute to amino acids (AA), may enhance satiety mediated by its bioactive properties. Aim: In a three-year longitudinal; prospective study, the effect of AA and two different amounts of CGMP-AA (CGMP-AA only (CGMP100) and a combination of CGMP-AA and AA (CGMP50) on satiety, weight and body mass index (BMI) were compared. Methods: 48 children with PKU completed the study. Median ages of children were: CGMP100; (<i>n</i> = 13), 9.2 years; CGMP50; (<i>n</i> = 16), 7.3 years; and AA (<i>n</i> = 19), 11.1 years. Semi-quantitative dietary assessments and anthropometry (weight, height and BMI) were measured every three months. Results: The macronutrient contribution to total energy intake from protein, carbohydrate and fat was similar across the groups. Adjusting for age and gender, no differences in energy intake, weight, BMI, incidence of overweight or obesity was apparent between the groups. Conclusion: In this three-year longitudinal study, there was no indication to support a relationship between CGMP and satiety, as evidenced by decreased energy intake, thereby preventing overweight or obesity. Satiety is a complex multi-system process that is not fully understood.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2704phenylketonuriaPKUglycomacropeptidesatiety |
| spellingShingle | Anne Daly Sharon Evans Alex Pinto Richard Jackson Catherine Ashmore Júlio César Rocha Anita MacDonald The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria Nutrients phenylketonuria PKU glycomacropeptide satiety |
| title | The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria |
| title_full | The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria |
| title_short | The Impact of the Use of Glycomacropeptide on Satiety and Dietary Intake in Phenylketonuria |
| title_sort | impact of the use of glycomacropeptide on satiety and dietary intake in phenylketonuria |
| topic | phenylketonuria PKU glycomacropeptide satiety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2704 |
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