Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds
Thermal liquefaction at low temperature is very time consuming and microwaves or an ultrasonic bath can be used to accelerate the process of dissolving sugar crystals. Phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids or flavonoids, are an important group of secondary metabolites of plants and become honey...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/714 |
| _version_ | 1797438331595784192 |
|---|---|
| author | Tomáš Hájek |
| author_facet | Tomáš Hájek |
| author_sort | Tomáš Hájek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thermal liquefaction at low temperature is very time consuming and microwaves or an ultrasonic bath can be used to accelerate the process of dissolving sugar crystals. Phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids or flavonoids, are an important group of secondary metabolites of plants and become honey from the nectar of blossoms. In this study, how the content of phenolic acids and flavones in honey were affected by liquefaction of honey using a microwave oven was studied. The concentration of tested compounds in untreated honey and in honey liquefied in a hot water bath, ultrasonic bath and microwave oven at four microwave power levels were determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography combined with multichannel electrochemical detection. A significant decrease in the content of all compounds was observed for all melting treatments. The phenolic compounds concentration decreased on average by 31.1–35.5% using microwave at intensities 270, 450 and 900 W and the time required for the sugar crystal melting was more than 20 times less than in the case of the 80 °C water bath. The temperature of samples after the end of microwave liquefaction was 76–89 °C. Significantly higher losses of phenolic compounds were observed during ultrasound treatment (48.5%), although the maximum temperature of honey was 45 °C, and at the lowest microwaves power (50.6%). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:35:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a699acfb692c466ead57028daa73b1e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:35:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a699acfb692c466ead57028daa73b1e02023-11-30T23:43:46ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-0128271410.3390/molecules28020714Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic CompoundsTomáš Hájek0Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech RepublicThermal liquefaction at low temperature is very time consuming and microwaves or an ultrasonic bath can be used to accelerate the process of dissolving sugar crystals. Phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids or flavonoids, are an important group of secondary metabolites of plants and become honey from the nectar of blossoms. In this study, how the content of phenolic acids and flavones in honey were affected by liquefaction of honey using a microwave oven was studied. The concentration of tested compounds in untreated honey and in honey liquefied in a hot water bath, ultrasonic bath and microwave oven at four microwave power levels were determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography combined with multichannel electrochemical detection. A significant decrease in the content of all compounds was observed for all melting treatments. The phenolic compounds concentration decreased on average by 31.1–35.5% using microwave at intensities 270, 450 and 900 W and the time required for the sugar crystal melting was more than 20 times less than in the case of the 80 °C water bath. The temperature of samples after the end of microwave liquefaction was 76–89 °C. Significantly higher losses of phenolic compounds were observed during ultrasound treatment (48.5%), although the maximum temperature of honey was 45 °C, and at the lowest microwaves power (50.6%).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/714phenolic compoundsflavonoidsantioxidantshoneyliquid chromatographycoulometric detection |
| spellingShingle | Tomáš Hájek Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds Molecules phenolic compounds flavonoids antioxidants honey liquid chromatography coulometric detection |
| title | Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds |
| title_full | Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds |
| title_short | Effect of Liquefaction of Honey on the Content of Phenolic Compounds |
| title_sort | effect of liquefaction of honey on the content of phenolic compounds |
| topic | phenolic compounds flavonoids antioxidants honey liquid chromatography coulometric detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/714 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomashajek effectofliquefactionofhoneyonthecontentofphenoliccompounds |