Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging healthcare threat. The presence of the mosquito Aedes species across South and Central America in combination with complementary climates have incited an epidemic of locally transmitted cases of ZIKV infection in Brazil. As one of the most significant current public...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00486/full |
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| author | Rahul Mittal Desiree Nguyen Luca H. Debs Amit P. Patel George Liu Vasanti M. Jhaveri Sae-In S. Kay Jeenu Mittal Emmalee S. Bandstra Ramzi T. Younis Ramzi T. Younis Ramzi T. Younis Prem Chapagain Dushyantha T. Jayaweera Xue Zhong Liu Xue Zhong Liu Xue Zhong Liu |
| author_facet | Rahul Mittal Desiree Nguyen Luca H. Debs Amit P. Patel George Liu Vasanti M. Jhaveri Sae-In S. Kay Jeenu Mittal Emmalee S. Bandstra Ramzi T. Younis Ramzi T. Younis Ramzi T. Younis Prem Chapagain Dushyantha T. Jayaweera Xue Zhong Liu Xue Zhong Liu Xue Zhong Liu |
| author_sort | Rahul Mittal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging healthcare threat. The presence of the mosquito Aedes species across South and Central America in combination with complementary climates have incited an epidemic of locally transmitted cases of ZIKV infection in Brazil. As one of the most significant current public health concerns in the Americas, ZIKV epidemic has been a cause of alarm due to its known and unknown complications. At this point, there has been a clear association between ZIKV infection and severe clinical manifestations in both adults and neonates, including but not limited to neurological deficits such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly, respectively. The gravity of the fetal anomalies linked to ZIKV vertical transmission from the mother has prompted a discussion on whether to include ZIKV as a formal member of the TORCH [Toxoplasma gondii, other, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes] family of pathogens known to breach placental barriers and cause congenital disease in the fetus. The mechanisms of these complex phenotypes have yet to be fully described. As such, diagnostic tools are limited and no effective modalities are available to treat ZIKV. This article will review the recent advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection as well as diagnostic tests available to detect the infection. Due to the increase in incidence of ZIKV infections, there is an immediate need to develop new diagnostic tools and novel preventive as well as therapeutic modalities based on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:25:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6bf945752ce466e97ad42d7ec2f10a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:25:52Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6bf945752ce466e97ad42d7ec2f10a22022-12-21T20:08:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882017-12-01710.3389/fcimb.2017.00486305228Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health ThreatRahul Mittal0Desiree Nguyen1Luca H. Debs2Amit P. Patel3George Liu4Vasanti M. Jhaveri5Sae-In S. Kay6Jeenu Mittal7Emmalee S. Bandstra8Ramzi T. Younis9Ramzi T. Younis10Ramzi T. Younis11Prem Chapagain12Dushyantha T. Jayaweera13Xue Zhong Liu14Xue Zhong Liu15Xue Zhong Liu16Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Physics and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging healthcare threat. The presence of the mosquito Aedes species across South and Central America in combination with complementary climates have incited an epidemic of locally transmitted cases of ZIKV infection in Brazil. As one of the most significant current public health concerns in the Americas, ZIKV epidemic has been a cause of alarm due to its known and unknown complications. At this point, there has been a clear association between ZIKV infection and severe clinical manifestations in both adults and neonates, including but not limited to neurological deficits such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly, respectively. The gravity of the fetal anomalies linked to ZIKV vertical transmission from the mother has prompted a discussion on whether to include ZIKV as a formal member of the TORCH [Toxoplasma gondii, other, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes] family of pathogens known to breach placental barriers and cause congenital disease in the fetus. The mechanisms of these complex phenotypes have yet to be fully described. As such, diagnostic tools are limited and no effective modalities are available to treat ZIKV. This article will review the recent advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection as well as diagnostic tests available to detect the infection. Due to the increase in incidence of ZIKV infections, there is an immediate need to develop new diagnostic tools and novel preventive as well as therapeutic modalities based on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00486/fullZika viruspathogenesisanimal models of Zika virusZika virus proteins |
| spellingShingle | Rahul Mittal Desiree Nguyen Luca H. Debs Amit P. Patel George Liu Vasanti M. Jhaveri Sae-In S. Kay Jeenu Mittal Emmalee S. Bandstra Ramzi T. Younis Ramzi T. Younis Ramzi T. Younis Prem Chapagain Dushyantha T. Jayaweera Xue Zhong Liu Xue Zhong Liu Xue Zhong Liu Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Zika virus pathogenesis animal models of Zika virus Zika virus proteins |
| title | Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat |
| title_full | Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat |
| title_fullStr | Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat |
| title_short | Zika Virus: An Emerging Global Health Threat |
| title_sort | zika virus an emerging global health threat |
| topic | Zika virus pathogenesis animal models of Zika virus Zika virus proteins |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00486/full |
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