Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Widespread resistance of the main malaria vector <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>to pyrethroids reported in many African countries and operational drawbacks to current IRS methods suggest the convenience of exploring new produ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2010-11-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/341 |
| _version_ | 1818496388126736384 |
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| author | Hougard Jean-Marc Akogbeto Martin Chandre Fabrice Chabi Joseph Mosqueira Beatriz Carnevale Pierre Mas-Coma Santiago |
| author_facet | Hougard Jean-Marc Akogbeto Martin Chandre Fabrice Chabi Joseph Mosqueira Beatriz Carnevale Pierre Mas-Coma Santiago |
| author_sort | Hougard Jean-Marc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Widespread resistance of the main malaria vector <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>to pyrethroids reported in many African countries and operational drawbacks to current IRS methods suggest the convenience of exploring new products and approaches for vector control. Insecticide paint Inesfly 5A IGR™, containing two organophosphates (OPs), chlorpyrifos and diazinon, and one insect growth regulator (IGR), pyriproxyfen, was tested in Benin, West Africa, for 12 months.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Field trials were conducted in six experimental huts that were randomly allocated to one or two layers of insecticide at 1 Kg/6 m<sup>2 </sup>or control. Evaluations included: (i) early mosquito collection, (ii) mosquito release experiments, (iii) residual efficacy tests and (iv) distance tests. Early mosquito collections were performed on local populations of pyrethroid-resistant <it>An. gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus</it>. As per WHOPES phase II procedures, four entomological criteria were evaluated: deterrence, excito-repellence, blood-feeding inhibition and mortality. Mosquito release experiments were done using local malaria-free <it>An. gambiae </it>females reared at the CREC insectarium. Residual efficacy tests and distance tests were performed using reference susceptible strains of <it>An. gambiae </it>and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Six months after treatment, mortality rates were still 90-100% against pyrethroid-resistant mosquito populations in experimental huts. At nine months, mortality rates in huts treated with two layers was still about 90-93% against <it>An. gambiae </it>and 55% against <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus</it>. Malaria-free local mosquito release experiments yielded a 90% blood-feeding inhibition in the absence of a physical barrier. A long-term residual efficacy of 12 months was observed by WHO-bioassays in huts treated with two layers (60-80%). Mortality after an overnight exposition at distances of 1 meter was 96-100% for up to 12 months.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The encouraging results obtained on the insecticide paint Inesfly 5A IGR™ in terms of mortality, be it in direct contact or at a distance, and its new operational approach could constitute an additional option in malaria control efforts in areas of pyrethroid resistance. Phase III studies will be performed to assess the product's epidemiological impact and sociological acceptance.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:32:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6cb154e917a4c6faf1c766f177afe04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:32:46Z |
| publishDate | 2010-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6cb154e917a4c6faf1c766f177afe042022-12-22T01:37:53ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752010-11-019134110.1186/1475-2875-9-341Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluationHougard Jean-MarcAkogbeto MartinChandre FabriceChabi JosephMosqueira BeatrizCarnevale PierreMas-Coma Santiago<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Widespread resistance of the main malaria vector <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>to pyrethroids reported in many African countries and operational drawbacks to current IRS methods suggest the convenience of exploring new products and approaches for vector control. Insecticide paint Inesfly 5A IGR™, containing two organophosphates (OPs), chlorpyrifos and diazinon, and one insect growth regulator (IGR), pyriproxyfen, was tested in Benin, West Africa, for 12 months.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Field trials were conducted in six experimental huts that were randomly allocated to one or two layers of insecticide at 1 Kg/6 m<sup>2 </sup>or control. Evaluations included: (i) early mosquito collection, (ii) mosquito release experiments, (iii) residual efficacy tests and (iv) distance tests. Early mosquito collections were performed on local populations of pyrethroid-resistant <it>An. gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus</it>. As per WHOPES phase II procedures, four entomological criteria were evaluated: deterrence, excito-repellence, blood-feeding inhibition and mortality. Mosquito release experiments were done using local malaria-free <it>An. gambiae </it>females reared at the CREC insectarium. Residual efficacy tests and distance tests were performed using reference susceptible strains of <it>An. gambiae </it>and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Six months after treatment, mortality rates were still 90-100% against pyrethroid-resistant mosquito populations in experimental huts. At nine months, mortality rates in huts treated with two layers was still about 90-93% against <it>An. gambiae </it>and 55% against <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus</it>. Malaria-free local mosquito release experiments yielded a 90% blood-feeding inhibition in the absence of a physical barrier. A long-term residual efficacy of 12 months was observed by WHO-bioassays in huts treated with two layers (60-80%). Mortality after an overnight exposition at distances of 1 meter was 96-100% for up to 12 months.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The encouraging results obtained on the insecticide paint Inesfly 5A IGR™ in terms of mortality, be it in direct contact or at a distance, and its new operational approach could constitute an additional option in malaria control efforts in areas of pyrethroid resistance. Phase III studies will be performed to assess the product's epidemiological impact and sociological acceptance.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/341 |
| spellingShingle | Hougard Jean-Marc Akogbeto Martin Chandre Fabrice Chabi Joseph Mosqueira Beatriz Carnevale Pierre Mas-Coma Santiago Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation Malaria Journal |
| title | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation |
| title_full | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation |
| title_short | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa - Part 2: Field evaluation |
| title_sort | efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in west africa part 2 field evaluation |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/341 |
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