The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity
In dystonic and spastic movement disorders, however different in their pathophysiological mechanisms, a similar impairment of sensorimotor control with special emphasis on afferentation is assumed. Peripheral intervention on afferent inputs evokes plastic changes within the central sensorimotor syst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/155 |
| _version_ | 1797396339029442560 |
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| author | Pavel Hok Tomáš Veverka Petr Hluštík Martin Nevrlý Petr Kaňovský |
| author_facet | Pavel Hok Tomáš Veverka Petr Hluštík Martin Nevrlý Petr Kaňovský |
| author_sort | Pavel Hok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In dystonic and spastic movement disorders, however different in their pathophysiological mechanisms, a similar impairment of sensorimotor control with special emphasis on afferentation is assumed. Peripheral intervention on afferent inputs evokes plastic changes within the central sensorimotor system. Intramuscular application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a standard evidence-based treatment for both conditions. Apart from its peripheral action on muscle spindles, a growing body of evidence suggests that BoNT-A effects could also be mediated by changes at the central level including cerebral cortex. We review recent studies employing electrophysiology and neuroimaging to investigate how intramuscular application of BoNT-A influences cortical reorganization. Based on such data, BoNT-A becomes gradually accepted as a promising tool to correct the maladaptive plastic changes within the sensorimotor cortex. In summary, electrophysiology and especially neuroimaging studies with BoNT-A further our understanding of pathophysiology underlying dystonic and spastic movement disorders and may consequently help develop novel treatment strategies based on neural plasticity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6dc1426c08b4668b950b420248a0101 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6dc1426c08b4668b950b420248a01012023-12-11T17:19:12ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-02-0113215510.3390/toxins13020155The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and SpasticityPavel Hok0Tomáš Veverka1Petr Hluštík2Martin Nevrlý3Petr Kaňovský4Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech RepublicIn dystonic and spastic movement disorders, however different in their pathophysiological mechanisms, a similar impairment of sensorimotor control with special emphasis on afferentation is assumed. Peripheral intervention on afferent inputs evokes plastic changes within the central sensorimotor system. Intramuscular application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a standard evidence-based treatment for both conditions. Apart from its peripheral action on muscle spindles, a growing body of evidence suggests that BoNT-A effects could also be mediated by changes at the central level including cerebral cortex. We review recent studies employing electrophysiology and neuroimaging to investigate how intramuscular application of BoNT-A influences cortical reorganization. Based on such data, BoNT-A becomes gradually accepted as a promising tool to correct the maladaptive plastic changes within the sensorimotor cortex. In summary, electrophysiology and especially neuroimaging studies with BoNT-A further our understanding of pathophysiology underlying dystonic and spastic movement disorders and may consequently help develop novel treatment strategies based on neural plasticity.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/155dystoniaspasticitybotulinum toxinelectrophysiologyfunctional magnetic resonance imagingneural plasticity |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Hok Tomáš Veverka Petr Hluštík Martin Nevrlý Petr Kaňovský The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity Toxins dystonia spasticity botulinum toxin electrophysiology functional magnetic resonance imaging neural plasticity |
| title | The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity |
| title_full | The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity |
| title_fullStr | The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity |
| title_short | The Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Dystonia and Spasticity |
| title_sort | central effects of botulinum toxin in dystonia and spasticity |
| topic | dystonia spasticity botulinum toxin electrophysiology functional magnetic resonance imaging neural plasticity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/155 |
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