Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>
During <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> chronic infection, certain internal factors that trigger the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), such as brain inflammation, cell death, and changes in cytokine levels, are observed. NPCs give rise to neuronal cell types in the adult brain of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2671 |
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| author | Verónica Anaya-Martínez Jhony Anacleto-Santos Ricardo Mondragón-Flores Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez Teresa de Jesús López-Pérez Mariana Citlalli de Alba-Alvarado Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano Elba Carrasco-Ramírez Norma Rivera-Fernández |
| author_facet | Verónica Anaya-Martínez Jhony Anacleto-Santos Ricardo Mondragón-Flores Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez Teresa de Jesús López-Pérez Mariana Citlalli de Alba-Alvarado Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano Elba Carrasco-Ramírez Norma Rivera-Fernández |
| author_sort | Verónica Anaya-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> chronic infection, certain internal factors that trigger the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), such as brain inflammation, cell death, and changes in cytokine levels, are observed. NPCs give rise to neuronal cell types in the adult brain of some mammals. NPCs are capable of dividing and differentiating into a restricted repertoire of neuronal and glial cell types. In this study, the proliferation of NPCs was evaluated in CD-1 adult male mice chronically infected with the <i>T. gondii</i> ME49 strain. Histological brain sections from the infected mice were evaluated in order to observe <i>T. gondii</i> tissue cysts. Sagittal and coronal sections from the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and from the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, as well as sagittal sections from the rostral migratory stream, were obtained from infected and non-infected mice previously injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). A flotation immunofluorescence technique was used to identify BrdU+ NPC. The scanning of BrdU+ cells was conducted using a confocal microscope, and the counting was performed with ImageJ<sup>®</sup> software (version 1.48q). In all the evaluated zones from the infected mice, a significant proliferation of the NPCs was observed when compared with that of the control group. We concluded that chronic infection with <i>T. gondii</i> increased the proliferation of NPCs in the three evaluated zones. Regardless of the role these cells are playing, our results could be useful to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic toxoplasmosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:36:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6dd7fc5e0ad4fd1b1802933ff8cff76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:36:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6dd7fc5e0ad4fd1b1802933ff8cff762023-11-24T14:56:52ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-10-011111267110.3390/microorganisms11112671Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Verónica Anaya-Martínez0Jhony Anacleto-Santos1Ricardo Mondragón-Flores2Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez3Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez4Teresa de Jesús López-Pérez5Mariana Citlalli de Alba-Alvarado6Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano7Elba Carrasco-Ramírez8Norma Rivera-Fernández9Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Lomas Anáhuac, Naucalpan de Juárez 52786, Estado de México, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, MexicoDepartamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDuring <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> chronic infection, certain internal factors that trigger the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), such as brain inflammation, cell death, and changes in cytokine levels, are observed. NPCs give rise to neuronal cell types in the adult brain of some mammals. NPCs are capable of dividing and differentiating into a restricted repertoire of neuronal and glial cell types. In this study, the proliferation of NPCs was evaluated in CD-1 adult male mice chronically infected with the <i>T. gondii</i> ME49 strain. Histological brain sections from the infected mice were evaluated in order to observe <i>T. gondii</i> tissue cysts. Sagittal and coronal sections from the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and from the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, as well as sagittal sections from the rostral migratory stream, were obtained from infected and non-infected mice previously injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). A flotation immunofluorescence technique was used to identify BrdU+ NPC. The scanning of BrdU+ cells was conducted using a confocal microscope, and the counting was performed with ImageJ<sup>®</sup> software (version 1.48q). In all the evaluated zones from the infected mice, a significant proliferation of the NPCs was observed when compared with that of the control group. We concluded that chronic infection with <i>T. gondii</i> increased the proliferation of NPCs in the three evaluated zones. Regardless of the role these cells are playing, our results could be useful to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic toxoplasmosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2671<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>neural progenitor cellsneurogenesischronic toxoplasmosis |
| spellingShingle | Verónica Anaya-Martínez Jhony Anacleto-Santos Ricardo Mondragón-Flores Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez Teresa de Jesús López-Pérez Mariana Citlalli de Alba-Alvarado Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano Elba Carrasco-Ramírez Norma Rivera-Fernández Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Microorganisms <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> neural progenitor cells neurogenesis chronic toxoplasmosis |
| title | Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> |
| title_full | Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> |
| title_short | Changes in the Proliferation of the Neural Progenitor Cells of Adult Mice Chronically Infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> |
| title_sort | changes in the proliferation of the neural progenitor cells of adult mice chronically infected with i toxoplasma gondii i |
| topic | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> neural progenitor cells neurogenesis chronic toxoplasmosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2671 |
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