Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines
The research study described in this paper investigated the potential to use steel furnace slag (SFS) as a stabilizing additive for clayey soils. Even though SFS has limited applications in civil engineering infrastructure due to the formation of deleterious expansion in the presence of water, the f...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/19/4251 |
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| author | Alexander S. Brand Punit Singhvi Ebenezer O. Fanijo Erol Tutumluer |
| author_facet | Alexander S. Brand Punit Singhvi Ebenezer O. Fanijo Erol Tutumluer |
| author_sort | Alexander S. Brand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The research study described in this paper investigated the potential to use steel furnace slag (SFS) as a stabilizing additive for clayey soils. Even though SFS has limited applications in civil engineering infrastructure due to the formation of deleterious expansion in the presence of water, the free CaO and free MgO contents allow for the SFS to be a potentially suitable candidate for clayey soil stabilization and improvement. In this investigation, a kaolinite clay was stabilized with 10% and 15% ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag fines by weight. This experimental study also included testing of the SFS mixtures with the activator calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>), which was hypothesized to accelerate the hydration of the dicalcium silicate phase in the SFS, but the results show that the addition of CaCl<sub>2</sub> was not found to be effective. Relative to the unmodified clay, the unconfined compressive strength increased by 67% and 91% when 10% and 15% LMF slag were utilized, respectively. Likewise, the dynamic modulus increased by 212% and 221% by adding 10% and 15% LMF slag, respectively. Specifically, the LMF slag fines are posited to primarily contribute to a mechanical rather than chemical stabilization mechanism. Overall, these findings suggest the effective utilization of SFS as a soil stabilization admixture to overcome problems associated with dispersive soils, but further research is required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:05:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6e2d64677034f03ba24d742784d5535 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:05:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6e2d64677034f03ba24d742784d55352023-11-20T14:54:47ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-09-011319425110.3390/ma13194251Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag FinesAlexander S. Brand0Punit Singhvi1Ebenezer O. Fanijo2Erol Tutumluer3Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 750 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USACharles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 750 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USAThe research study described in this paper investigated the potential to use steel furnace slag (SFS) as a stabilizing additive for clayey soils. Even though SFS has limited applications in civil engineering infrastructure due to the formation of deleterious expansion in the presence of water, the free CaO and free MgO contents allow for the SFS to be a potentially suitable candidate for clayey soil stabilization and improvement. In this investigation, a kaolinite clay was stabilized with 10% and 15% ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag fines by weight. This experimental study also included testing of the SFS mixtures with the activator calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>), which was hypothesized to accelerate the hydration of the dicalcium silicate phase in the SFS, but the results show that the addition of CaCl<sub>2</sub> was not found to be effective. Relative to the unmodified clay, the unconfined compressive strength increased by 67% and 91% when 10% and 15% LMF slag were utilized, respectively. Likewise, the dynamic modulus increased by 212% and 221% by adding 10% and 15% LMF slag, respectively. Specifically, the LMF slag fines are posited to primarily contribute to a mechanical rather than chemical stabilization mechanism. Overall, these findings suggest the effective utilization of SFS as a soil stabilization admixture to overcome problems associated with dispersive soils, but further research is required.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/19/4251steel furnace slag (SFS)ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slagsoil stabilizationunconfined compressive strengthdynamic modulusslag characterization |
| spellingShingle | Alexander S. Brand Punit Singhvi Ebenezer O. Fanijo Erol Tutumluer Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines Materials steel furnace slag (SFS) ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag soil stabilization unconfined compressive strength dynamic modulus slag characterization |
| title | Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines |
| title_full | Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines |
| title_fullStr | Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines |
| title_short | Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines |
| title_sort | stabilization of a clayey soil with ladle metallurgy furnace slag fines |
| topic | steel furnace slag (SFS) ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag soil stabilization unconfined compressive strength dynamic modulus slag characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/19/4251 |
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