Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
ABSTRACT: The potential use of carbon-based methodologies for drug delivery and reproductive biology in cows raises concerns about residues in milk and food safety. This study aimed to assess the potential of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and discriminant analysis using partial least squares...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223007634 |
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| author | Philipe P. Nunes Mariana R. Almeida Flávia G. Pacheco Cristiano Fantini Clascídia A. Furtado Luiz O. Ladeira Ado Jorio Antônio P.M. Júnior Renato L. Santos Álan M. Borges |
| author_facet | Philipe P. Nunes Mariana R. Almeida Flávia G. Pacheco Cristiano Fantini Clascídia A. Furtado Luiz O. Ladeira Ado Jorio Antônio P.M. Júnior Renato L. Santos Álan M. Borges |
| author_sort | Philipe P. Nunes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The potential use of carbon-based methodologies for drug delivery and reproductive biology in cows raises concerns about residues in milk and food safety. This study aimed to assess the potential of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and discriminant analysis using partial least squares (PLS-DA) to detect functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in bovine raw milk. Oxidized MWCNT were diluted in milk at different concentrations from 25.00 to 0.01 µg/mL. Raman spectroscopy measurements and PLS-DA were performed to identify low concentrations of MWCNT in milk samples. The PLS-DA model was characterized by the analysis of the variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. All the training samples were correctly classified by the model, resulting in no false-positive or false-negative classifications. For test samples, only one false-negative result was observed, for 0.01 µg/mL MWCNT dilution. The association between Raman spectroscopy and PLS-DA was able to identify MWCNT diluted in milk samples up to 0.1 µg/mL. The PLS-DA model was built and validated using a set of test samples and spectrally interpreted based on the highest VIP scores. This allowed the identification of the vibrational modes associated with the D and G bands of MWCNT, as well as the milk bands, which were the most important variables in this analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:44:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6e33e10ad78468dbcbf14ef402d1387 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:44:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6e33e10ad78468dbcbf14ef402d13872024-04-19T04:16:09ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022024-05-01107526812689Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopyPhilipe P. Nunes0Mariana R. Almeida1Flávia G. Pacheco2Cristiano Fantini3Clascídia A. Furtado4Luiz O. Ladeira5Ado Jorio6Antônio P.M. Júnior7Renato L. Santos8Álan M. Borges9Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilLaboratory of Carbon Nanostructure Chemistry, Nuclear Technology Development Center, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Physics, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilLaboratory of Carbon Nanostructure Chemistry, Nuclear Technology Development Center, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Physics, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Physics, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: The potential use of carbon-based methodologies for drug delivery and reproductive biology in cows raises concerns about residues in milk and food safety. This study aimed to assess the potential of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and discriminant analysis using partial least squares (PLS-DA) to detect functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in bovine raw milk. Oxidized MWCNT were diluted in milk at different concentrations from 25.00 to 0.01 µg/mL. Raman spectroscopy measurements and PLS-DA were performed to identify low concentrations of MWCNT in milk samples. The PLS-DA model was characterized by the analysis of the variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. All the training samples were correctly classified by the model, resulting in no false-positive or false-negative classifications. For test samples, only one false-negative result was observed, for 0.01 µg/mL MWCNT dilution. The association between Raman spectroscopy and PLS-DA was able to identify MWCNT diluted in milk samples up to 0.1 µg/mL. The PLS-DA model was built and validated using a set of test samples and spectrally interpreted based on the highest VIP scores. This allowed the identification of the vibrational modes associated with the D and G bands of MWCNT, as well as the milk bands, which were the most important variables in this analysis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223007634carbon nanotubecowmilkpartial least squares-discriminant analysisRaman spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Philipe P. Nunes Mariana R. Almeida Flávia G. Pacheco Cristiano Fantini Clascídia A. Furtado Luiz O. Ladeira Ado Jorio Antônio P.M. Júnior Renato L. Santos Álan M. Borges Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy Journal of Dairy Science carbon nanotube cow milk partial least squares-discriminant analysis Raman spectroscopy |
| title | Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy |
| title_full | Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy |
| title_short | Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy |
| title_sort | detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through fourier transform raman spectroscopy |
| topic | carbon nanotube cow milk partial least squares-discriminant analysis Raman spectroscopy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223007634 |
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