Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i>
Benthic invertebrates produce secondary metabolites that serve as defenses against consumers and promote their fitness. To explore the chemical defense in marine benthic echinoderms, the chemical constituents of <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> were investigated. A steroidal monoglycoside, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/137 |
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| author | Qian Xu Xiao Yang Ranran Zhang Yaxi Li Zhi Yan Xiaodong Li Bing Ma Yanfang Liu Ainuo Lin Shaoshuai Han Ke Li Li Chen |
| author_facet | Qian Xu Xiao Yang Ranran Zhang Yaxi Li Zhi Yan Xiaodong Li Bing Ma Yanfang Liu Ainuo Lin Shaoshuai Han Ke Li Li Chen |
| author_sort | Qian Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Benthic invertebrates produce secondary metabolites that serve as defenses against consumers and promote their fitness. To explore the chemical defense in marine benthic echinoderms, the chemical constituents of <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> were investigated. A steroidal monoglycoside, asterosaponin P1, was isolated from <i>O. mirabilis</i> for the first-time using column chromatography. The chemical structure was characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of the isolated compound were assessed using the zebrafish embryo assay, a powerful vertebrate animal model system to study mechanisms of toxicity. When applied at high concentrations, asterosaponin P1 causes a significant increase in embryo mortality. A moderate LC<sub>50</sub> of asterosaponin P1 appeared to be time- and concentration-dependent in its toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos also included morphological defects, decreased hatchability, and a reduced heart rate. These findings revealed that steroidal saponin extracted from <i>O. mirabilis</i> exhibited acute toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, suggesting a potential chemical defense function in marine habitats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:04:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6f2fd181dec4ff896f6af2720c4eb56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:04:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6f2fd181dec4ff896f6af2720c4eb562023-11-16T23:37:26ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-01-0111213710.3390/toxics11020137Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i>Qian Xu0Xiao Yang1Ranran Zhang2Yaxi Li3Zhi Yan4Xiaodong Li5Bing Ma6Yanfang Liu7Ainuo Lin8Shaoshuai Han9Ke Li10Li Chen11Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Marine Resources Development, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaSchool of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 266071, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Institute of Marine Resources Development, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaBenthic invertebrates produce secondary metabolites that serve as defenses against consumers and promote their fitness. To explore the chemical defense in marine benthic echinoderms, the chemical constituents of <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> were investigated. A steroidal monoglycoside, asterosaponin P1, was isolated from <i>O. mirabilis</i> for the first-time using column chromatography. The chemical structure was characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of the isolated compound were assessed using the zebrafish embryo assay, a powerful vertebrate animal model system to study mechanisms of toxicity. When applied at high concentrations, asterosaponin P1 causes a significant increase in embryo mortality. A moderate LC<sub>50</sub> of asterosaponin P1 appeared to be time- and concentration-dependent in its toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos also included morphological defects, decreased hatchability, and a reduced heart rate. These findings revealed that steroidal saponin extracted from <i>O. mirabilis</i> exhibited acute toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, suggesting a potential chemical defense function in marine habitats.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/137<i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i>secondary metaboliteisolationzebrafishembryotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Qian Xu Xiao Yang Ranran Zhang Yaxi Li Zhi Yan Xiaodong Li Bing Ma Yanfang Liu Ainuo Lin Shaoshuai Han Ke Li Li Chen Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> Toxics <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> secondary metabolite isolation zebrafish embryotoxicity |
| title | Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> |
| title_full | Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> |
| title_short | Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> |
| title_sort | embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of steroidal saponin isolated from i ophiopholis mirabilis i |
| topic | <i>Ophiopholis mirabilis</i> secondary metabolite isolation zebrafish embryotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/137 |
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