Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect
Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is a new remote sensing detection method with high spatial and spectral information detection ability. In the process of laser scanning, the laser echo intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter intensity data of HSL. Lase...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2960 |
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| author | Wenxin Tian Lingli Tang Yuwei Chen Ziyang Li Jiajia Zhu Changhui Jiang Peilun Hu Wenjing He Haohao Wu Miaomiao Pan Jing Lu Juha Hyyppä |
| author_facet | Wenxin Tian Lingli Tang Yuwei Chen Ziyang Li Jiajia Zhu Changhui Jiang Peilun Hu Wenjing He Haohao Wu Miaomiao Pan Jing Lu Juha Hyyppä |
| author_sort | Wenxin Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is a new remote sensing detection method with high spatial and spectral information detection ability. In the process of laser scanning, the laser echo intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter intensity data of HSL. Laser incidence angle is one of the important factors that affect the backscatter intensity of the target. This paper studied the radiometric calibration method of incidence angle effect for HSL. The reflectance of natural surfaces can be simulated as a combination of specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The linear combination of the Lambertian model and Beckmann model provides a comprehensive theory that can be applied to various surface conditions, from glossy to rough surfaces. Therefore, an adaptive threshold radiometric calibration method (Lambertian–Beckmann model) is proposed to solve the problem caused by the incident angle effect. The relationship between backscatter intensity and incident angle of HSL is studied by combining theory with experiments, and the model successfully quantifies the difference between diffuse and specular reflectance coefficients. Compared with the Lambertian model, the proposed model has higher calibration accuracy, and the average improvement rate to the samples in this study was 22.67%. Compared with the results before calibration with the incidence angle of less than 70°, the average improvement rate of the Lambertian–Beckmann model was 62.26%. Moreover, we also found that the green leaves have an obvious specular reflection effect near 650–720 nm, which might be related to the inner microstructure of chlorophyll. The Lambertian–Beckmann model was more helpful to the calibration of leaves in the visible wavelength range. This is a meaningful and a breakthrough exploration for HSL. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:03:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6f9e13a36d94106bcc7fc7b31845ff32023-11-21T16:49:57ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01219296010.3390/s21092960Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle EffectWenxin Tian0Lingli Tang1Yuwei Chen2Ziyang Li3Jiajia Zhu4Changhui Jiang5Peilun Hu6Wenjing He7Haohao Wu8Miaomiao Pan9Jing Lu10Juha Hyyppä11Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaDepartment of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), FI-02430 Masala, FinlandDepartment of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), FI-02430 Masala, FinlandKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaDepartment of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), FI-02430 Masala, FinlandHyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is a new remote sensing detection method with high spatial and spectral information detection ability. In the process of laser scanning, the laser echo intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter intensity data of HSL. Laser incidence angle is one of the important factors that affect the backscatter intensity of the target. This paper studied the radiometric calibration method of incidence angle effect for HSL. The reflectance of natural surfaces can be simulated as a combination of specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The linear combination of the Lambertian model and Beckmann model provides a comprehensive theory that can be applied to various surface conditions, from glossy to rough surfaces. Therefore, an adaptive threshold radiometric calibration method (Lambertian–Beckmann model) is proposed to solve the problem caused by the incident angle effect. The relationship between backscatter intensity and incident angle of HSL is studied by combining theory with experiments, and the model successfully quantifies the difference between diffuse and specular reflectance coefficients. Compared with the Lambertian model, the proposed model has higher calibration accuracy, and the average improvement rate to the samples in this study was 22.67%. Compared with the results before calibration with the incidence angle of less than 70°, the average improvement rate of the Lambertian–Beckmann model was 62.26%. Moreover, we also found that the green leaves have an obvious specular reflection effect near 650–720 nm, which might be related to the inner microstructure of chlorophyll. The Lambertian–Beckmann model was more helpful to the calibration of leaves in the visible wavelength range. This is a meaningful and a breakthrough exploration for HSL.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2960Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL)incidence anglebackscatter intensityradiometric calibrationLambertian–Beckmann model |
| spellingShingle | Wenxin Tian Lingli Tang Yuwei Chen Ziyang Li Jiajia Zhu Changhui Jiang Peilun Hu Wenjing He Haohao Wu Miaomiao Pan Jing Lu Juha Hyyppä Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect Sensors Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) incidence angle backscatter intensity radiometric calibration Lambertian–Beckmann model |
| title | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
| title_full | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
| title_fullStr | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
| title_short | Analysis and Radiometric Calibration for Backscatter Intensity of Hyperspectral LiDAR Caused by Incident Angle Effect |
| title_sort | analysis and radiometric calibration for backscatter intensity of hyperspectral lidar caused by incident angle effect |
| topic | Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) incidence angle backscatter intensity radiometric calibration Lambertian–Beckmann model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2960 |
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