Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people
Nicotine smoking is the most common mode of tobacco smoking among young people. It affects the areas of the brain associated with memory, attention, and learning. This study has investigated the effect of nicotine smoking on cognitive performance. One hundred male volunteers (50 nicotine smokers and...
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/11470.pdf |
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| author | Tuba Riaz Ghulam Murtaza Areej Arif Shahid Mahmood Razia Sultana Fawaz Al-Hussain Shahid Bashir |
| author_facet | Tuba Riaz Ghulam Murtaza Areej Arif Shahid Mahmood Razia Sultana Fawaz Al-Hussain Shahid Bashir |
| author_sort | Tuba Riaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nicotine smoking is the most common mode of tobacco smoking among young people. It affects the areas of the brain associated with memory, attention, and learning. This study has investigated the effect of nicotine smoking on cognitive performance. One hundred male volunteers (50 nicotine smokers and 50 nonsmokers) aged 18–30 years with similar socioeconomic backgrounds were recruited for this study. Clinical history of participants was obtained using a questionnaire. Their brain health and handedness were determined using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI), respectively. The dependent variables examined in the study were attention-switching tasks (AST), pattern recognition memory (PRM), and choice reaction time (CRT). These parameters were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Battery (CANTAB). The average ages of participating smokers and nonsmokers were 24.02 ± 3.41 years (mean ± standard deviation) and 22.68 ± 1.87 years, respectively. MMSE and EHI scores of smokers were 28.42 ± 1.09 and 99.75 ± 1.77, respectively; for nonsmokers, these scores were 28.54 ± 1.34 and 98 ± 1.91, respectively. The mean score for AST correct latency/delay was significantly higher (p = 0.050) in smokers (620.26 ± 142.03) than in nonsmokers (570.11 ± 108.39). The percentage of correct AST trials was significantly higher (p = 0.000) in nonsmokers (96.95 ± 2.18) than in smokers (83.75 ± 11.22). The PRM percent correct were significantly higher (p = 0.000) of nonsmokers (93.42 ± 8.34) than of smokers (79.75 ± 13.44). The mean correct latency for CRT was significantly higher (p = 0.009) in smokers (509.87 ± 129.83) than in nonsmokers (455.20 ± 65.73). From this data, it can be concluded that nicotine smoking is linked with impaired cognitive functions in smokers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:48:29Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:48:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a6fa9429eb0840d3bf66ef1ae20acdee2023-12-03T10:31:52ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-06-019e1147010.7717/peerj.11470Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young peopleTuba Riaz0Ghulam Murtaza1Areej Arif2Shahid Mahmood3Razia Sultana4Fawaz Al-Hussain5Shahid Bashir6Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, PakistanInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanCollege of Medicine, Department of Neurology King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaNicotine smoking is the most common mode of tobacco smoking among young people. It affects the areas of the brain associated with memory, attention, and learning. This study has investigated the effect of nicotine smoking on cognitive performance. One hundred male volunteers (50 nicotine smokers and 50 nonsmokers) aged 18–30 years with similar socioeconomic backgrounds were recruited for this study. Clinical history of participants was obtained using a questionnaire. Their brain health and handedness were determined using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI), respectively. The dependent variables examined in the study were attention-switching tasks (AST), pattern recognition memory (PRM), and choice reaction time (CRT). These parameters were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Battery (CANTAB). The average ages of participating smokers and nonsmokers were 24.02 ± 3.41 years (mean ± standard deviation) and 22.68 ± 1.87 years, respectively. MMSE and EHI scores of smokers were 28.42 ± 1.09 and 99.75 ± 1.77, respectively; for nonsmokers, these scores were 28.54 ± 1.34 and 98 ± 1.91, respectively. The mean score for AST correct latency/delay was significantly higher (p = 0.050) in smokers (620.26 ± 142.03) than in nonsmokers (570.11 ± 108.39). The percentage of correct AST trials was significantly higher (p = 0.000) in nonsmokers (96.95 ± 2.18) than in smokers (83.75 ± 11.22). The PRM percent correct were significantly higher (p = 0.000) of nonsmokers (93.42 ± 8.34) than of smokers (79.75 ± 13.44). The mean correct latency for CRT was significantly higher (p = 0.009) in smokers (509.87 ± 129.83) than in nonsmokers (455.20 ± 65.73). From this data, it can be concluded that nicotine smoking is linked with impaired cognitive functions in smokers.https://peerj.com/articles/11470.pdfNicotine smokingAttention switching task (AST)Pattern recognition memory (PRM)Choice reaction time (CRT)Cambridge neuropsychological automated battery (CANTAB) |
| spellingShingle | Tuba Riaz Ghulam Murtaza Areej Arif Shahid Mahmood Razia Sultana Fawaz Al-Hussain Shahid Bashir Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people PeerJ Nicotine smoking Attention switching task (AST) Pattern recognition memory (PRM) Choice reaction time (CRT) Cambridge neuropsychological automated battery (CANTAB) |
| title | Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people |
| title_full | Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people |
| title_fullStr | Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people |
| title_short | Nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in Pakistani young people |
| title_sort | nicotine smoking is associated with impaired cognitive performance in pakistani young people |
| topic | Nicotine smoking Attention switching task (AST) Pattern recognition memory (PRM) Choice reaction time (CRT) Cambridge neuropsychological automated battery (CANTAB) |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/11470.pdf |
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