Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update
Panic disorder (PD) pathophysiology is very heterogeneous, and the discrimination of distinct subtypes could be very useful. A subtype based on respiratory symptoms is known to constitute a specific subgroup. However, evidence to support the respiratory subtype (RS) as a distinct subgroup of PD with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462020000400015&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818972797513236480 |
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| author | Renata T. Okuro Rafael C. Freire Walter A. Zin Laiana A. Quagliato Antonio E. Nardi |
| author_facet | Renata T. Okuro Rafael C. Freire Walter A. Zin Laiana A. Quagliato Antonio E. Nardi |
| author_sort | Renata T. Okuro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Panic disorder (PD) pathophysiology is very heterogeneous, and the discrimination of distinct subtypes could be very useful. A subtype based on respiratory symptoms is known to constitute a specific subgroup. However, evidence to support the respiratory subtype (RS) as a distinct subgroup of PD with a well-defined phenotype remains controversial. Studies have focused on characterization of the RS based on symptoms and response to CO2. In this line, we described clinical and biological aspects focused on symptomatology and CO2 challenge tests in PD RS. The main symptoms that characterize RS are dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a choking sensation. Moreover, patients with the RS tended to be more responsive to CO2 challenge tests, which triggered more panic attacks in this subgroup. Future studies should focus on discriminating respiratory-related clusters and exploring psychophysiological and neuroimaging outcomes in order to provide robust evidence to confirm RS as a distinct subtype of PD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:13:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a6ff795eb7a8465d86bf9e0be4358ffe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1809-452X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:13:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-a6ff795eb7a8465d86bf9e0be4358ffe2022-12-21T19:36:14ZengAssociação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry1809-452X2020-02-0142442043010.1590/1516-4446-2019-0717Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an updateRenata T. Okurohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-9681Rafael C. FreireWalter A. ZinLaiana A. QuagliatoAntonio E. Nardihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-4669Panic disorder (PD) pathophysiology is very heterogeneous, and the discrimination of distinct subtypes could be very useful. A subtype based on respiratory symptoms is known to constitute a specific subgroup. However, evidence to support the respiratory subtype (RS) as a distinct subgroup of PD with a well-defined phenotype remains controversial. Studies have focused on characterization of the RS based on symptoms and response to CO2. In this line, we described clinical and biological aspects focused on symptomatology and CO2 challenge tests in PD RS. The main symptoms that characterize RS are dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a choking sensation. Moreover, patients with the RS tended to be more responsive to CO2 challenge tests, which triggered more panic attacks in this subgroup. Future studies should focus on discriminating respiratory-related clusters and exploring psychophysiological and neuroimaging outcomes in order to provide robust evidence to confirm RS as a distinct subtype of PD.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462020000400015&tlng=enPanic disorderpanic attackscarbon dioxiderespirationdyspneasymptoms |
| spellingShingle | Renata T. Okuro Rafael C. Freire Walter A. Zin Laiana A. Quagliato Antonio E. Nardi Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Panic disorder panic attacks carbon dioxide respiration dyspnea symptoms |
| title | Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update |
| title_full | Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update |
| title_fullStr | Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update |
| title_short | Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests – an update |
| title_sort | panic disorder respiratory subtype psychopathology and challenge tests an update |
| topic | Panic disorder panic attacks carbon dioxide respiration dyspnea symptoms |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462020000400015&tlng=en |
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