Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females
The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd1</i> homologs in snakeskin gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and to determine their expression levels during larval development and in the gonads of males and females. Both cDNAs...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3415 |
| _version_ | 1797463697170366464 |
|---|---|
| author | Chatsirin Nakharuthai Somkiat Sreebun Apinat Kabpha Tran Vinh Phuong Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn |
| author_facet | Chatsirin Nakharuthai Somkiat Sreebun Apinat Kabpha Tran Vinh Phuong Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn |
| author_sort | Chatsirin Nakharuthai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd1</i> homologs in snakeskin gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and to determine their expression levels during larval development and in the gonads of males and females. Both cDNAs contained predicted regions that shared consensus motifs with the <i>ddx4</i> family in teleosts and the <i>dnd</i> family in vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree construction analysis confirmed that these two genes were clustered in the families of teleosts. Both <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd1</i> mRNAs were detectable only in the gonads, particularly in germ cells. These two genes were expressed during early larval development. The expression of <i>ddx4</i> was high during early larval development and decreased with increasing developmental age, whereas <i>dnd1</i> expression increased with developmental age. In adult fish, the expression levels of both genes were higher in the ovary than in the testis. Overall, these findings provide valuable molecular information on <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd,</i> and can be applied in future reproductive biological studies relating to sex dimorphism in snakeskin gourami. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:54:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a71276d7bb084831b41bd62b665d67a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:54:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a71276d7bb084831b41bd62b665d67a52023-11-24T10:26:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-12-011223341510.3390/ani12233415Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and FemalesChatsirin Nakharuthai0Somkiat Sreebun1Apinat Kabpha2Tran Vinh Phuong3Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn4School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandDepartment of Science Technology and International Relations, Hue University, 1 Dien Bien Phu St., Hue 49000, VietnamSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandThe purpose of this study was to clone and characterize <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd1</i> homologs in snakeskin gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and to determine their expression levels during larval development and in the gonads of males and females. Both cDNAs contained predicted regions that shared consensus motifs with the <i>ddx4</i> family in teleosts and the <i>dnd</i> family in vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree construction analysis confirmed that these two genes were clustered in the families of teleosts. Both <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd1</i> mRNAs were detectable only in the gonads, particularly in germ cells. These two genes were expressed during early larval development. The expression of <i>ddx4</i> was high during early larval development and decreased with increasing developmental age, whereas <i>dnd1</i> expression increased with developmental age. In adult fish, the expression levels of both genes were higher in the ovary than in the testis. Overall, these findings provide valuable molecular information on <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd,</i> and can be applied in future reproductive biological studies relating to sex dimorphism in snakeskin gourami.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3415snakeskin gourami<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i><i>ddx4</i><i>dnd</i> |
| spellingShingle | Chatsirin Nakharuthai Somkiat Sreebun Apinat Kabpha Tran Vinh Phuong Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females Animals snakeskin gourami <i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i> <i>ddx4</i> <i>dnd</i> |
| title | Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females |
| title_full | Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females |
| title_short | Characterization of <i>ddx4</i> and <i>dnd</i> Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (<i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i>) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females |
| title_sort | characterization of i ddx4 i and i dnd i homologs in snakeskin gourami i trichopodus pectoralis i and their expression levels during larval development and in gonads of males and females |
| topic | snakeskin gourami <i>Trichopodus pectoralis</i> <i>ddx4</i> <i>dnd</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3415 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chatsirinnakharuthai characterizationofiddx4iandidndihomologsinsnakeskingouramiitrichopoduspectoralisiandtheirexpressionlevelsduringlarvaldevelopmentandingonadsofmalesandfemales AT somkiatsreebun characterizationofiddx4iandidndihomologsinsnakeskingouramiitrichopoduspectoralisiandtheirexpressionlevelsduringlarvaldevelopmentandingonadsofmalesandfemales AT apinatkabpha characterizationofiddx4iandidndihomologsinsnakeskingouramiitrichopoduspectoralisiandtheirexpressionlevelsduringlarvaldevelopmentandingonadsofmalesandfemales AT tranvinhphuong characterizationofiddx4iandidndihomologsinsnakeskingouramiitrichopoduspectoralisiandtheirexpressionlevelsduringlarvaldevelopmentandingonadsofmalesandfemales AT surintornboonanuntanasarn characterizationofiddx4iandidndihomologsinsnakeskingouramiitrichopoduspectoralisiandtheirexpressionlevelsduringlarvaldevelopmentandingonadsofmalesandfemales |