Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway
Background: Stability of intestinal flora is not only important for maintaining stable immune functions; it is also a key immune channel communicating the interaction between lung and intestine. In this study, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were used to regulate influenza-infe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/3/10.31083/j.fbl2803043 |
| _version_ | 1797853537837776896 |
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| author | Jie Gao Huifang Chen Liuyue Xu Shanglin Li Huijun Yan Lifang Jiang Wenli Cheng Zhenyou Jiang |
| author_facet | Jie Gao Huifang Chen Liuyue Xu Shanglin Li Huijun Yan Lifang Jiang Wenli Cheng Zhenyou Jiang |
| author_sort | Jie Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Stability of intestinal flora is not only important for maintaining stable immune functions; it is also a key immune channel communicating the interaction between lung and intestine. In this study, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were used to regulate influenza-infected mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis and the effects of intestinal microorganisms on these mice were subsequently observed and evaluated. Methods: Mice are housed in a normal environment with intranasal infection with influenza virus (FM1). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine messenger RNA expression and lung viral replication of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), myeloid differentiation primary reaction 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor κB (ss) p65 in the TLR7 signaling pathway. Western blotting is used to measure the expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 proteins. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17/T regulated cells. Results: Results showed that compared with the simple virus group, both diversity and species of intestinal flora in influenza-infected mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis were lower, in vivo viral replication was significantly increased, lung and intestinal tissues were seriously damaged, degree of inflammation increased, expression of the TLR7 signaling pathway increased, and the Th1/Th2:Th17/Treg ratio decreased. Probiotics and FMT effectively regulated intestinal flora, improved pathological lung changes and inflammation caused by influenza infection, and adjusted the TLR7 signaling pathway and the Th1/Th2:Th17/Treg ratio. This effect was not obvious in TLR7-/- mice.In summary, by affecting the TLR7 signaling pathway, intestinal microorganisms reduced the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza-infected mice with imbalances in antibiotic flora. Conclusions: By affecting the TLR7 signaling pathway, intestinal microorganisms reduced the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza-infected mice with imbalances in antibiotic flora. In summary, damage to lung tissue and intestinal mucosa in influenza-infected mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis is more serious compared to simple virus-infected mice. Improving intestinal flora using probiotics or FMT can alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve pulmonary inflammation through the TLR7 signaling pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:51:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a722782c870b4c52be67cbbdc99ffaf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2768-6701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:51:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
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| series | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
| spelling | doaj.art-a722782c870b4c52be67cbbdc99ffaf42023-04-03T05:52:10ZengIMR PressFrontiers in Bioscience-Landmark2768-67012023-03-012834310.31083/j.fbl2803043S2768-6701(22)00727-4Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling PathwayJie Gao0Huifang Chen1Liuyue Xu2Shanglin Li3Huijun Yan4Lifang Jiang5Wenli Cheng6Zhenyou Jiang7Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaSchool of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541001 Guilin, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaBackground: Stability of intestinal flora is not only important for maintaining stable immune functions; it is also a key immune channel communicating the interaction between lung and intestine. In this study, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were used to regulate influenza-infected mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis and the effects of intestinal microorganisms on these mice were subsequently observed and evaluated. Methods: Mice are housed in a normal environment with intranasal infection with influenza virus (FM1). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine messenger RNA expression and lung viral replication of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), myeloid differentiation primary reaction 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor κB (ss) p65 in the TLR7 signaling pathway. Western blotting is used to measure the expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 proteins. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17/T regulated cells. Results: Results showed that compared with the simple virus group, both diversity and species of intestinal flora in influenza-infected mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis were lower, in vivo viral replication was significantly increased, lung and intestinal tissues were seriously damaged, degree of inflammation increased, expression of the TLR7 signaling pathway increased, and the Th1/Th2:Th17/Treg ratio decreased. Probiotics and FMT effectively regulated intestinal flora, improved pathological lung changes and inflammation caused by influenza infection, and adjusted the TLR7 signaling pathway and the Th1/Th2:Th17/Treg ratio. This effect was not obvious in TLR7-/- mice.In summary, by affecting the TLR7 signaling pathway, intestinal microorganisms reduced the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza-infected mice with imbalances in antibiotic flora. Conclusions: By affecting the TLR7 signaling pathway, intestinal microorganisms reduced the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza-infected mice with imbalances in antibiotic flora. In summary, damage to lung tissue and intestinal mucosa in influenza-infected mice with antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis is more serious compared to simple virus-infected mice. Improving intestinal flora using probiotics or FMT can alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve pulmonary inflammation through the TLR7 signaling pathway.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/3/10.31083/j.fbl2803043intestinal floraprobioticsinfluenza a virus fm1 mouse lung adaptation strainfecal microbiota transplantationtlr7 |
| spellingShingle | Jie Gao Huifang Chen Liuyue Xu Shanglin Li Huijun Yan Lifang Jiang Wenli Cheng Zhenyou Jiang Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark intestinal flora probiotics influenza a virus fm1 mouse lung adaptation strain fecal microbiota transplantation tlr7 |
| title | Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway |
| title_full | Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway |
| title_short | Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Influenza-Infected Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis, through the TLR7 Signaling Pathway |
| title_sort | effects of intestinal microorganisms on influenza infected mice with antibiotic induced intestinal dysbiosis through the tlr7 signaling pathway |
| topic | intestinal flora probiotics influenza a virus fm1 mouse lung adaptation strain fecal microbiota transplantation tlr7 |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/3/10.31083/j.fbl2803043 |
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