Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022
The rise of cancer cases has coincided with the urgent need for the development of potent chemical entities and/or modification of existing commodities to improve their efficacy. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with colon cancer cases alo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/3/770 |
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| author | Tanaka Ndongwe Bwalya A. Witika Nontobeko P. Mncwangi Madan S. Poka Phumzile P. Skosana Patrick H. Demana Beverley Summers Xavier Siwe-Noundou |
| author_facet | Tanaka Ndongwe Bwalya A. Witika Nontobeko P. Mncwangi Madan S. Poka Phumzile P. Skosana Patrick H. Demana Beverley Summers Xavier Siwe-Noundou |
| author_sort | Tanaka Ndongwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rise of cancer cases has coincided with the urgent need for the development of potent chemical entities and/or modification of existing commodities to improve their efficacy. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with colon cancer cases alone likely to rise exponentially by 2030. The exponential rise in cancer prevalence is largely attributable to the growing change toward a sedentary lifestyle and modern diets, which include genetically modified foods. At present, the prominent treatments for cancer are chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Despite slowing cancer progression, these treatments are known to have devastating side effects that may deteriorate the health of the patient, thus, have a low risk–benefit ratio. In addition, many cancer drugs have low bioavailability, thereby limiting their therapeutic effects in cancer patients. Moreover, the drastic rise in the resistance of neoplastic cells to chemotherapeutic agents is rendering the use of some drugs ineffective, thereby signaling the need for more anticancer chemical entities. As a result, the use of natural derivatives as anticancer agents is gaining considerable attention. Iridoids have the potential to form conjugates with other anticancer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antimalarial drugs, which synergistically have the potential to increase their effects. Published studies have identified the role of iridoids, which, if fully explored, may result in cheaper and less toxic alternative/adjuvant cancer drugs. The subject of this article is natural and synthetic iridoid derivatives and their potential therapeutic roles as anticancer agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:50:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7237dfda7194d8386a1168972752bab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:50:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7237dfda7194d8386a1168972752bab2023-11-16T16:16:57ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-01-0115377010.3390/cancers15030770Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022Tanaka Ndongwe0Bwalya A. Witika1Nontobeko P. Mncwangi2Madan S. Poka3Phumzile P. Skosana4Patrick H. Demana5Beverley Summers6Xavier Siwe-Noundou7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South AfricaThe rise of cancer cases has coincided with the urgent need for the development of potent chemical entities and/or modification of existing commodities to improve their efficacy. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with colon cancer cases alone likely to rise exponentially by 2030. The exponential rise in cancer prevalence is largely attributable to the growing change toward a sedentary lifestyle and modern diets, which include genetically modified foods. At present, the prominent treatments for cancer are chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Despite slowing cancer progression, these treatments are known to have devastating side effects that may deteriorate the health of the patient, thus, have a low risk–benefit ratio. In addition, many cancer drugs have low bioavailability, thereby limiting their therapeutic effects in cancer patients. Moreover, the drastic rise in the resistance of neoplastic cells to chemotherapeutic agents is rendering the use of some drugs ineffective, thereby signaling the need for more anticancer chemical entities. As a result, the use of natural derivatives as anticancer agents is gaining considerable attention. Iridoids have the potential to form conjugates with other anticancer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antimalarial drugs, which synergistically have the potential to increase their effects. Published studies have identified the role of iridoids, which, if fully explored, may result in cheaper and less toxic alternative/adjuvant cancer drugs. The subject of this article is natural and synthetic iridoid derivatives and their potential therapeutic roles as anticancer agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/3/770iridoid derivativeschemotherapycancer agentsisolationcharacterizationstructure-activity relationship |
| spellingShingle | Tanaka Ndongwe Bwalya A. Witika Nontobeko P. Mncwangi Madan S. Poka Phumzile P. Skosana Patrick H. Demana Beverley Summers Xavier Siwe-Noundou Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022 Cancers iridoid derivatives chemotherapy cancer agents isolation characterization structure-activity relationship |
| title | Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022 |
| title_full | Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022 |
| title_fullStr | Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022 |
| title_short | Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970–2022 |
| title_sort | iridoid derivatives as anticancer agents an updated review from 1970 2022 |
| topic | iridoid derivatives chemotherapy cancer agents isolation characterization structure-activity relationship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/3/770 |
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