Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings
With the advantage of integrating distributed energy, storage and DC load with high efficiency, the DC distribution network recently attracted wide attention in the field of nearly zero energy buildings. Considering the large number of buildings and the enormous energy-saving potential, the distribu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5726 |
| _version_ | 1797413987007070208 |
|---|---|
| author | Keteng Jiang Haibo Li Xi Ye Yi Lei Keng-Weng Lao Shuqing Zhang Xianfa Hu |
| author_facet | Keteng Jiang Haibo Li Xi Ye Yi Lei Keng-Weng Lao Shuqing Zhang Xianfa Hu |
| author_sort | Keteng Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the advantage of integrating distributed energy, storage and DC load with high efficiency, the DC distribution network recently attracted wide attention in the field of nearly zero energy buildings. Considering the large number of buildings and the enormous energy-saving potential, the distribution form and the revenue distribution are key factors affecting energy efficiency and operational economy. Aiming at the characteristics of AC and DC distribution topologies in nearly zero energy buildings, an energy efficiency evaluation method is proposed based on time-sequential power flow simulation, where the piecewise linear efficiency function of converters and dynamic line power loss model are established. Based on a DC distribution demonstration project, an AC power distribution system with the same boundary conditions is designed. The results show that the efficiency of DC distribution topology is about 6% higher than the AC system, while the efficiency advantage in office, hotel, commercial, educational and residential buildings in Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai varies from 0.6–4.96%, which shows a high correlation with the proportion of a high-power load, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.794. With the increase of DC load ratio and distributed power supply access capacity, the efficiency of the system will be improved accordingly. On the basis of this, a method to equalize DC distribution income in the nearly zero energy buildings power market is proposed. In addition, 15 typical scenarios of different cities were selected to evaluate efficiency and influencing factors. Finally, assessing the multi-stakeholder impact of DC retrofitting to balance the revenue generated by the DC distribution model suggests that transport costs should be raised by 8.2–13.1% to balance revenue with the equipment prices decreased by about 0.1 yuan/W. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:26:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a724653cf2e54c31b082fad87f5268c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:26:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-a724653cf2e54c31b082fad87f5268c62023-12-03T12:36:39ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-08-011515572610.3390/en15155726Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy BuildingsKeteng Jiang0Haibo Li1Xi Ye2Yi Lei3Keng-Weng Lao4Shuqing Zhang5Xianfa Hu6Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, ChinaTsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, ChinaState Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Chengdu 610210, ChinaTsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Macau University, Macau 999086, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaWith the advantage of integrating distributed energy, storage and DC load with high efficiency, the DC distribution network recently attracted wide attention in the field of nearly zero energy buildings. Considering the large number of buildings and the enormous energy-saving potential, the distribution form and the revenue distribution are key factors affecting energy efficiency and operational economy. Aiming at the characteristics of AC and DC distribution topologies in nearly zero energy buildings, an energy efficiency evaluation method is proposed based on time-sequential power flow simulation, where the piecewise linear efficiency function of converters and dynamic line power loss model are established. Based on a DC distribution demonstration project, an AC power distribution system with the same boundary conditions is designed. The results show that the efficiency of DC distribution topology is about 6% higher than the AC system, while the efficiency advantage in office, hotel, commercial, educational and residential buildings in Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai varies from 0.6–4.96%, which shows a high correlation with the proportion of a high-power load, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.794. With the increase of DC load ratio and distributed power supply access capacity, the efficiency of the system will be improved accordingly. On the basis of this, a method to equalize DC distribution income in the nearly zero energy buildings power market is proposed. In addition, 15 typical scenarios of different cities were selected to evaluate efficiency and influencing factors. Finally, assessing the multi-stakeholder impact of DC retrofitting to balance the revenue generated by the DC distribution model suggests that transport costs should be raised by 8.2–13.1% to balance revenue with the equipment prices decreased by about 0.1 yuan/W.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5726energy efficiency analysisNearly Zero Energy BuildingsDC distributiontime sequential power flow simulationDC/AC energy efficiency improvementrevenue distribution |
| spellingShingle | Keteng Jiang Haibo Li Xi Ye Yi Lei Keng-Weng Lao Shuqing Zhang Xianfa Hu Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings Energies energy efficiency analysis Nearly Zero Energy Buildings DC distribution time sequential power flow simulation DC/AC energy efficiency improvement revenue distribution |
| title | Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings |
| title_full | Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings |
| title_fullStr | Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings |
| title_short | Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings |
| title_sort | energy efficiency evaluation and revenue distribution of dc power distribution systems in nearly zero energy buildings |
| topic | energy efficiency analysis Nearly Zero Energy Buildings DC distribution time sequential power flow simulation DC/AC energy efficiency improvement revenue distribution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5726 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ketengjiang energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings AT haiboli energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings AT xiye energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings AT yilei energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings AT kengwenglao energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings AT shuqingzhang energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings AT xianfahu energyefficiencyevaluationandrevenuedistributionofdcpowerdistributionsystemsinnearlyzeroenergybuildings |