Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China
Abstract Background Most studies on air pollution exposure and its associations with human health in China have focused on the heavily polluted industrial areas and/or mega-cities, and studies on cities with comparatively low air pollutant concentrations are still rare. Only a few studies have attem...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2016-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-016-2725-6 |
| _version_ | 1819133542916947968 |
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| author | Fengying Zhang Xiaojian Liu Lei Zhou Yong Yu Li Wang Jinmei Lu Wuyi Wang Thomas Krafft |
| author_facet | Fengying Zhang Xiaojian Liu Lei Zhou Yong Yu Li Wang Jinmei Lu Wuyi Wang Thomas Krafft |
| author_sort | Fengying Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Most studies on air pollution exposure and its associations with human health in China have focused on the heavily polluted industrial areas and/or mega-cities, and studies on cities with comparatively low air pollutant concentrations are still rare. Only a few studies have attempted to analyse particulate matter (PM) for the vibrant economic centre Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta. So far no systematic investigation of PM spatiotemporal patterns in Shenzhen has been undertaken and the understanding of pollution exposure in urban agglomerations with comparatively low pollution is still limited. Methods We analyze daily and hourly particulate matter concentrations and all-cause mortality during 2013 in Shenzhen, China. Temporal patterns of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 (10) μm or less (or less (including particles with a diameter that equals to 2.5 (10) μm) are studied, along with the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10. Spatial distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 are addressed and associations of PM10 or PM2.5 and all-cause mortality are analyzed. Results Annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were 61.3 and 39.6 μg/m3 in 2013. PM2.5 failed to meet the Class 2 annual limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. PM2.5 was the primary air pollutant, with 8.8 % of days having heavy PM2.5 pollution. The daily PM2.5/PM10 ratios were high. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations in the tourist area were lower than downtown throughout the day. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were higher in western parts of Shenzhen than in eastern parts. Excess risks in the number of all-cause mortality with a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM were 0.61 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.72) for PM10, and 0.69 % (95 % CI: 0.55–0.83) for PM2.5, respectively. The greatest ERs of PM10 and PM2.5 were in 2-day cumulative measures for the all-cause mortality, 2-day lag for females and the young (0–65 years), and L02 for males and the elder (>65 years). PM2.5 had higher risks on all-cause mortality than PM10. Effects of high PM pollution on mortality were stronger in the elder and male. Conclusions Our findings provide additional relevant information on air quality monitoring and associations of PM and human health, valuable data for further scientific research in Shenzhen and for the on-going discourse on improving environmental policies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:48:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7279af5025f4028aaeeb6d2a6df0d95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:48:57Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7279af5025f4028aaeeb6d2a6df0d952022-12-21T18:30:27ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582016-03-0116111110.1186/s12889-016-2725-6Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, ChinaFengying Zhang0Xiaojian Liu1Lei Zhou2Yong Yu3Li Wang4Jinmei Lu5Wuyi Wang6Thomas Krafft7China National Environmental Monitoring CentreShenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionChina National Environmental Monitoring CentreChina National Environmental Monitoring CentreCAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht UniversityDepartment of Engineering and Safety, University of TromsøInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht UniversityAbstract Background Most studies on air pollution exposure and its associations with human health in China have focused on the heavily polluted industrial areas and/or mega-cities, and studies on cities with comparatively low air pollutant concentrations are still rare. Only a few studies have attempted to analyse particulate matter (PM) for the vibrant economic centre Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta. So far no systematic investigation of PM spatiotemporal patterns in Shenzhen has been undertaken and the understanding of pollution exposure in urban agglomerations with comparatively low pollution is still limited. Methods We analyze daily and hourly particulate matter concentrations and all-cause mortality during 2013 in Shenzhen, China. Temporal patterns of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 (10) μm or less (or less (including particles with a diameter that equals to 2.5 (10) μm) are studied, along with the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10. Spatial distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 are addressed and associations of PM10 or PM2.5 and all-cause mortality are analyzed. Results Annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were 61.3 and 39.6 μg/m3 in 2013. PM2.5 failed to meet the Class 2 annual limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. PM2.5 was the primary air pollutant, with 8.8 % of days having heavy PM2.5 pollution. The daily PM2.5/PM10 ratios were high. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations in the tourist area were lower than downtown throughout the day. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were higher in western parts of Shenzhen than in eastern parts. Excess risks in the number of all-cause mortality with a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM were 0.61 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.72) for PM10, and 0.69 % (95 % CI: 0.55–0.83) for PM2.5, respectively. The greatest ERs of PM10 and PM2.5 were in 2-day cumulative measures for the all-cause mortality, 2-day lag for females and the young (0–65 years), and L02 for males and the elder (>65 years). PM2.5 had higher risks on all-cause mortality than PM10. Effects of high PM pollution on mortality were stronger in the elder and male. Conclusions Our findings provide additional relevant information on air quality monitoring and associations of PM and human health, valuable data for further scientific research in Shenzhen and for the on-going discourse on improving environmental policies.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-016-2725-6Temporal-spatial patternsParticulate matterMortalityShenzhen |
| spellingShingle | Fengying Zhang Xiaojian Liu Lei Zhou Yong Yu Li Wang Jinmei Lu Wuyi Wang Thomas Krafft Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China BMC Public Health Temporal-spatial patterns Particulate matter Mortality Shenzhen |
| title | Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter pm and associations between pm and mortality in shenzhen china |
| topic | Temporal-spatial patterns Particulate matter Mortality Shenzhen |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-016-2725-6 |
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