Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites
Piezoelectric accelerometers using a lead-free (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) piezoceramic modified by a mixture of two Bi-based perovskites, Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO<sub>3</sub> (BNKLZ) and BiScO<sub>3</sub> (BS), were designed, fabricated and characterized. Ring-shaped ceram...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/1029 |
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| author | Min-Ku Lee Byung-Hoon Kim Gyoung-Ja Lee |
| author_facet | Min-Ku Lee Byung-Hoon Kim Gyoung-Ja Lee |
| author_sort | Min-Ku Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Piezoelectric accelerometers using a lead-free (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) piezoceramic modified by a mixture of two Bi-based perovskites, Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO<sub>3</sub> (BNKLZ) and BiScO<sub>3</sub> (BS), were designed, fabricated and characterized. Ring-shaped ceramics were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method for integration into a compression-mode accelerometer. A beneficial rhombohedral–tetragonal (R–T) phase boundary structure, especially enriched with T phase, was produced by modifying intrinsic phase transition temperatures, yielding a large piezoelectric charge coefficient <i>d</i><sub>33</sub> (310 pC/N) and a high Curie temperature <i>T</i><sub>c</sub> (331 °C). Using finite element analyses with metamodeling techniques, four optimum accelerometer designs were obtained with high magnitudes of charge sensitivity <i>S</i><sub>q</sub> and resonant frequency <i>f</i><sub>r</sub>, as evidenced by two key performance indicators having a trade-off relation. Finally, accelerometer sensor prototypes based on the proposed designs were fabricated using the KNN-BNKLZ-BS ceramic rings, which exhibited high levels of <i>S</i><sub>q</sub> (55.1 to 223.8 pC/g) and mounted <i>f</i><sub>r</sub> (14.1 to 28.4 kHz). Perfect charge-to-acceleration linearity as well as broad flat frequency ranges were achieved with excellent reliability. These outstanding sensing performances confirm the potential application of the modified-KNN ceramic in piezoelectric sensors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:16:08Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a72fe44af5484c0a8d9759e167e7279e |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:16:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a72fe44af5484c0a8d9759e167e7279e2023-12-01T00:31:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-01-01232102910.3390/s23021029Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based PerovskitesMin-Ku Lee0Byung-Hoon Kim1Gyoung-Ja Lee2Smart Sensing and Diagnosis Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of KoreaSmart Sensing and Diagnosis Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of KoreaSmart Sensing and Diagnosis Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of KoreaPiezoelectric accelerometers using a lead-free (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) piezoceramic modified by a mixture of two Bi-based perovskites, Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO<sub>3</sub> (BNKLZ) and BiScO<sub>3</sub> (BS), were designed, fabricated and characterized. Ring-shaped ceramics were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method for integration into a compression-mode accelerometer. A beneficial rhombohedral–tetragonal (R–T) phase boundary structure, especially enriched with T phase, was produced by modifying intrinsic phase transition temperatures, yielding a large piezoelectric charge coefficient <i>d</i><sub>33</sub> (310 pC/N) and a high Curie temperature <i>T</i><sub>c</sub> (331 °C). Using finite element analyses with metamodeling techniques, four optimum accelerometer designs were obtained with high magnitudes of charge sensitivity <i>S</i><sub>q</sub> and resonant frequency <i>f</i><sub>r</sub>, as evidenced by two key performance indicators having a trade-off relation. Finally, accelerometer sensor prototypes based on the proposed designs were fabricated using the KNN-BNKLZ-BS ceramic rings, which exhibited high levels of <i>S</i><sub>q</sub> (55.1 to 223.8 pC/g) and mounted <i>f</i><sub>r</sub> (14.1 to 28.4 kHz). Perfect charge-to-acceleration linearity as well as broad flat frequency ranges were achieved with excellent reliability. These outstanding sensing performances confirm the potential application of the modified-KNN ceramic in piezoelectric sensors.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/1029lead-free piezoelectricsaccelerometer(K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub>-based ceramicsmetamodeling |
| spellingShingle | Min-Ku Lee Byung-Hoon Kim Gyoung-Ja Lee Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites Sensors lead-free piezoelectrics accelerometer (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub>-based ceramics metamodeling |
| title | Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites |
| title_full | Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites |
| title_fullStr | Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites |
| title_short | Lead-Free Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor Built Using a (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Bulk Ceramic Modified by Bi-Based Perovskites |
| title_sort | lead free piezoelectric acceleration sensor built using a k na nbo sub 3 sub bulk ceramic modified by bi based perovskites |
| topic | lead-free piezoelectrics accelerometer (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub>-based ceramics metamodeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/1029 |
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