On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding
Orbital radars are used to monitor the state of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The backscattering radar cross section (RCS) is used to determine the type of scattering surface. The power of the reflected signal depends on many factors, so the problem of separating sea ice and sea waves is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4937 |
| _version_ | 1797477128751546368 |
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| author | Vladimir Karaev Yury Titchenko Maria Panfilova Kiril Ponur Maria Ryabkova Eugeny Meshkov Dmitry Kovaldov |
| author_facet | Vladimir Karaev Yury Titchenko Maria Panfilova Kiril Ponur Maria Ryabkova Eugeny Meshkov Dmitry Kovaldov |
| author_sort | Vladimir Karaev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Orbital radars are used to monitor the state of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The backscattering radar cross section (RCS) is used to determine the type of scattering surface. The power of the reflected signal depends on many factors, so the problem of separating sea ice and sea waves is not always unambiguous. Previous research has shown that microwave Doppler radar installed on aircrafts can be used to determine the boundary of sea ice. The width of the Doppler spectrum for wide or knife-like antenna beam depends on the statistical parameters of the reflecting surface, so sea ice and sea waves are easily separated. However, when installing a Doppler radar on a satellite, the spatial resolution becomes extremely low. In this research, we discuss the possibility of improving the spatial resolution by dividing the antenna footprint into elementary scattering cells. To do this, it is proposed to use the original incoherent synthesis procedure, which allows one to determine the dependence of the RCS on the incidence angle for an elementary scattering cell. Numerical modeling was performed and processing of model data confirmed that sea ice and sea waves are separated. The coefficient of kurtosis was used as a criterion in the algorithm. In addition, for sea waves, it is possible to determine the mean square slopes (<i>mss</i>) of large-scale waves, compared to the electromagnetic wavelength of sea waves along the sounding direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a734deb4179f436f8bbf54d5f8df8030 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-a734deb4179f436f8bbf54d5f8df80302023-11-23T21:41:11ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-10-011419493710.3390/rs14194937On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir SoundingVladimir Karaev0Yury Titchenko1Maria Panfilova2Kiril Ponur3Maria Ryabkova4Eugeny Meshkov5Dmitry Kovaldov6Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaOrbital radars are used to monitor the state of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The backscattering radar cross section (RCS) is used to determine the type of scattering surface. The power of the reflected signal depends on many factors, so the problem of separating sea ice and sea waves is not always unambiguous. Previous research has shown that microwave Doppler radar installed on aircrafts can be used to determine the boundary of sea ice. The width of the Doppler spectrum for wide or knife-like antenna beam depends on the statistical parameters of the reflecting surface, so sea ice and sea waves are easily separated. However, when installing a Doppler radar on a satellite, the spatial resolution becomes extremely low. In this research, we discuss the possibility of improving the spatial resolution by dividing the antenna footprint into elementary scattering cells. To do this, it is proposed to use the original incoherent synthesis procedure, which allows one to determine the dependence of the RCS on the incidence angle for an elementary scattering cell. Numerical modeling was performed and processing of model data confirmed that sea ice and sea waves are separated. The coefficient of kurtosis was used as a criterion in the algorithm. In addition, for sea waves, it is possible to determine the mean square slopes (<i>mss</i>) of large-scale waves, compared to the electromagnetic wavelength of sea waves along the sounding direction.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4937Doppler spectrum of the backscattered radar signalsea icesea wavesknife-like antenna beamkurtosis coefficientretrieval algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Karaev Yury Titchenko Maria Panfilova Kiril Ponur Maria Ryabkova Eugeny Meshkov Dmitry Kovaldov On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding Remote Sensing Doppler spectrum of the backscattered radar signal sea ice sea waves knife-like antenna beam kurtosis coefficient retrieval algorithm |
| title | On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding |
| title_full | On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding |
| title_fullStr | On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding |
| title_short | On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding |
| title_sort | on the problem of the sea ice detection by orbital microwave doppler radar at the nadir sounding |
| topic | Doppler spectrum of the backscattered radar signal sea ice sea waves knife-like antenna beam kurtosis coefficient retrieval algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4937 |
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