A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A
Owing to its ubiquity in natural water systems and the high toxicity of its accumulation in the human body, it is essential to develop simple and low-cost electrochemical sensors for the determination of 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). In this work, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4&l...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/1/115 |
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| author | Suxing Luo Meizhi Yang Yuanhui Wu Jiang Li Jun Qin Feng Feng |
| author_facet | Suxing Luo Meizhi Yang Yuanhui Wu Jiang Li Jun Qin Feng Feng |
| author_sort | Suxing Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Owing to its ubiquity in natural water systems and the high toxicity of its accumulation in the human body, it is essential to develop simple and low-cost electrochemical sensors for the determination of 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). In this work, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar, which is based on excess sludge, was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET analysis to analyze its basic features. Subsequently, it was used to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the detection of TBBPA. The electrochemical test results revealed that the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar film exhibited a larger active surface area, a lower charge transfer resistance and a higher accumulation efficiency toward TBBPA. Consequently, the peak current of TBBPA was significantly enhanced on the surface of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar. The TBBPA sensing platform developed using the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar composite film, with relatively a lower detection limit (3.2 nM) and a wider linear range (5–1000 nM), was successfully utilized to determine TBBPA levels in water samples. In summary, the effective application of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar provided eco-friendly and sustainable materials for the development of a desirable high-sensitivity sensor for TBBPA detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:55:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7365c6843f74d4a857e13db4d8646ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:55:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7365c6843f74d4a857e13db4d8646ba2023-11-23T14:45:11ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-01-0113111510.3390/mi13010115A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol ASuxing Luo0Meizhi Yang1Yuanhui Wu2Jiang Li3Jun Qin4Feng Feng5Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, ChinaOffice of Academic Research, Guizhou Open University, Guiyang 550023, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaOwing to its ubiquity in natural water systems and the high toxicity of its accumulation in the human body, it is essential to develop simple and low-cost electrochemical sensors for the determination of 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). In this work, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar, which is based on excess sludge, was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET analysis to analyze its basic features. Subsequently, it was used to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the detection of TBBPA. The electrochemical test results revealed that the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar film exhibited a larger active surface area, a lower charge transfer resistance and a higher accumulation efficiency toward TBBPA. Consequently, the peak current of TBBPA was significantly enhanced on the surface of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar. The TBBPA sensing platform developed using the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar composite film, with relatively a lower detection limit (3.2 nM) and a wider linear range (5–1000 nM), was successfully utilized to determine TBBPA levels in water samples. In summary, the effective application of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–activated biochar provided eco-friendly and sustainable materials for the development of a desirable high-sensitivity sensor for TBBPA detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/1/115sludge-based biocharFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>TBBPAelectrochemical sensor |
| spellingShingle | Suxing Luo Meizhi Yang Yuanhui Wu Jiang Li Jun Qin Feng Feng A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A Micromachines sludge-based biochar Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> TBBPA electrochemical sensor |
| title | A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A |
| title_full | A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A |
| title_fullStr | A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A |
| title_short | A Low Cost Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Activated Biochar Electrode Sensor by Resource Utilization of Excess Sludge for Detecting Tetrabromobisphenol A |
| title_sort | low cost fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub activated biochar electrode sensor by resource utilization of excess sludge for detecting tetrabromobisphenol a |
| topic | sludge-based biochar Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> TBBPA electrochemical sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/1/115 |
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