Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Higher circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a metabolite that can be produced by the gut microbiota from L-carnitine (LC), have been associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Because LC supplementation can improve bone density and microstructural proper...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-023-00752-1 |
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| author | Robert A. Olek Emilia Samborowska Piotr Wisniewski Pawel Wojtkiewicz Krystian Wochna Jacek Zielinski |
| author_facet | Robert A. Olek Emilia Samborowska Piotr Wisniewski Pawel Wojtkiewicz Krystian Wochna Jacek Zielinski |
| author_sort | Robert A. Olek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Higher circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a metabolite that can be produced by the gut microbiota from L-carnitine (LC), have been associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Because LC supplementation can improve bone density and microstructural properties in animal models, this study aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of LC supplementation on BMD and selected blood markers involved in bone metabolism of postmenopausal women participating in a resistance training (RT) program. Methods Twenty-seven postmenopausal women, who had not been treated for osteoporosis, with a total T-score above − 3.0 and no diet differences completed 12 weeks of RT. The participants’ diets were supplemented with either 1 g of LC-L-tartrate and 3 g of leucine per day (LC group) or 4 g of leucine per day as a placebo (PLA group), in a double-blind fashion. Results After the intervention in the LC group, plasma total carnitine and serum decorin levels were higher than the corresponding preintervention values (p = 0.040 and p = 0.042, respectively). Moreover, plasma TMAO and serum SPARC levels were higher in the LC group than the corresponding postintervention values in the PLA group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively). No changes in the BMD were observed after 3 months of the intervention. Conclusions Twelve weeks of LC supplementation during RT program increased plasma TMAO levels and appeared to affect signaling molecules, as indicated by the increase in the resting SPARC and decorin levels, with no significant modification in the BMD. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05120011). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:09:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7467d1c011f461a8ce219fcaa58e1da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:09:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7467d1c011f461a8ce219fcaa58e1da2023-08-06T11:08:52ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752023-08-012011810.1186/s12986-023-00752-1Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trialRobert A. Olek0Emilia Samborowska1Piotr Wisniewski2Pawel Wojtkiewicz3Krystian Wochna4Jacek Zielinski5Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical EducationMass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesChair and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of GdanskEndoscopy and Metabolic Disorders, Seventh Navy HospitalDepartment of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Poznan University of Physical EducationDepartment of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical EducationAbstract Background Higher circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a metabolite that can be produced by the gut microbiota from L-carnitine (LC), have been associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Because LC supplementation can improve bone density and microstructural properties in animal models, this study aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of LC supplementation on BMD and selected blood markers involved in bone metabolism of postmenopausal women participating in a resistance training (RT) program. Methods Twenty-seven postmenopausal women, who had not been treated for osteoporosis, with a total T-score above − 3.0 and no diet differences completed 12 weeks of RT. The participants’ diets were supplemented with either 1 g of LC-L-tartrate and 3 g of leucine per day (LC group) or 4 g of leucine per day as a placebo (PLA group), in a double-blind fashion. Results After the intervention in the LC group, plasma total carnitine and serum decorin levels were higher than the corresponding preintervention values (p = 0.040 and p = 0.042, respectively). Moreover, plasma TMAO and serum SPARC levels were higher in the LC group than the corresponding postintervention values in the PLA group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively). No changes in the BMD were observed after 3 months of the intervention. Conclusions Twelve weeks of LC supplementation during RT program increased plasma TMAO levels and appeared to affect signaling molecules, as indicated by the increase in the resting SPARC and decorin levels, with no significant modification in the BMD. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05120011).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-023-00752-1OsteonectinSPARCDecorinTrimethylamine N-oxideOsteopontinSclerostin |
| spellingShingle | Robert A. Olek Emilia Samborowska Piotr Wisniewski Pawel Wojtkiewicz Krystian Wochna Jacek Zielinski Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial Nutrition & Metabolism Osteonectin SPARC Decorin Trimethylamine N-oxide Osteopontin Sclerostin |
| title | Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Effect of a 3-month L-carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effect of a 3 month l carnitine supplementation and resistance training program on circulating markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Osteonectin SPARC Decorin Trimethylamine N-oxide Osteopontin Sclerostin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-023-00752-1 |
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