Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role
Background: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1509 |
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| author | Silvia Vincenzetti Giuseppe Santini Valeria Polzonetti Stefania Pucciarelli Yulia Klimanova Paolo Polidori |
| author_facet | Silvia Vincenzetti Giuseppe Santini Valeria Polzonetti Stefania Pucciarelli Yulia Klimanova Paolo Polidori |
| author_sort | Silvia Vincenzetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows’ milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants’ milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows’ milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:49:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a74d0c98422e474c84a337e0c6741bc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:49:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a74d0c98422e474c84a337e0c6741bc22023-11-21T17:49:41ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01135150910.3390/nu13051509Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional RoleSilvia Vincenzetti0Giuseppe Santini1Valeria Polzonetti2Stefania Pucciarelli3Yulia Klimanova4Paolo Polidori5School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalySchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalySchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalySchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalySchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalySchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalyBackground: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows’ milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants’ milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows’ milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1509vitaminsdonkey milkhuman milkvitamins deficiencyfortified foods |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Vincenzetti Giuseppe Santini Valeria Polzonetti Stefania Pucciarelli Yulia Klimanova Paolo Polidori Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role Nutrients vitamins donkey milk human milk vitamins deficiency fortified foods |
| title | Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role |
| title_full | Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role |
| title_fullStr | Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role |
| title_short | Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role |
| title_sort | vitamins in human and donkey milk functional and nutritional role |
| topic | vitamins donkey milk human milk vitamins deficiency fortified foods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1509 |
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