Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test
COVID-19 modified the healthcare system. Nasal-pharyngeal swab (NPS), with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase (PCR), is the gold standard for the diagnosis; however, there are difficulties related to the procedure that may postpone it. The study aims to evaluate whether other elements than t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/11/2993 |
| _version_ | 1797492977720885248 |
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| author | Stefania Principe Amelia Grosso Alida Benfante Federica Albicini Salvatore Battaglia Erica Gini Marta Amata Ilaria Piccionello Angelo Guido Corsico Nicola Scichilone |
| author_facet | Stefania Principe Amelia Grosso Alida Benfante Federica Albicini Salvatore Battaglia Erica Gini Marta Amata Ilaria Piccionello Angelo Guido Corsico Nicola Scichilone |
| author_sort | Stefania Principe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 modified the healthcare system. Nasal-pharyngeal swab (NPS), with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase (PCR), is the gold standard for the diagnosis; however, there are difficulties related to the procedure that may postpone it. The study aims to evaluate whether other elements than the PCR-NPS are reliable and confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. This is a cross-sectional study on data from the Lung Unit of Pavia (confirmed) and at the Emergency Unit of Palermo (suspected). COVID-19 was confirmed by positive NPS, suspected tested negative. We compared clinical, laboratory and radiological variables and performed Logistic regression to estimate which variables increased the risk of COVID-19. The derived ROC-AUCcurve, assessed the accuracy of the model to distinguish between COVID-19 suspected and confirmed. We selected 50 confirmed and 103 suspected cases. High Reactive C-Protein (OR: 1.02; CI95%: 0.11–1.02), suggestive CT-images (OR: 11.43; CI95%: 3.01–43.3), dyspnea (OR: 10.48; CI95%: 2.08–52.7) and respiratory failure (OR: 5.84; CI95%: 1.73–19.75) increased the risk of COVID-19, whereas pleural effusion decreased the risk (OR: 0.15; CI95%: 0.04–0.63). ROC confirmed the discriminative role of these variables between suspected and confirmed COVID-19 (AUC 0.91). Clinical, laboratory and imaging features predict the diagnosis of COVID-19, independently from the NPS result. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:12:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a75081d68b104a4da37cb39c40983de3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:12:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a75081d68b104a4da37cb39c40983de32023-11-23T14:14:58ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-05-011111299310.3390/jcm11112993Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR TestStefania Principe0Amelia Grosso1Alida Benfante2Federica Albicini3Salvatore Battaglia4Erica Gini5Marta Amata6Ilaria Piccionello7Angelo Guido Corsico8Nicola Scichilone9Department of Pulmonology–Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology–Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology–Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology–Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology–Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pulmonology–Palermo (PA) (Italy), AOUP Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyCOVID-19 modified the healthcare system. Nasal-pharyngeal swab (NPS), with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase (PCR), is the gold standard for the diagnosis; however, there are difficulties related to the procedure that may postpone it. The study aims to evaluate whether other elements than the PCR-NPS are reliable and confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. This is a cross-sectional study on data from the Lung Unit of Pavia (confirmed) and at the Emergency Unit of Palermo (suspected). COVID-19 was confirmed by positive NPS, suspected tested negative. We compared clinical, laboratory and radiological variables and performed Logistic regression to estimate which variables increased the risk of COVID-19. The derived ROC-AUCcurve, assessed the accuracy of the model to distinguish between COVID-19 suspected and confirmed. We selected 50 confirmed and 103 suspected cases. High Reactive C-Protein (OR: 1.02; CI95%: 0.11–1.02), suggestive CT-images (OR: 11.43; CI95%: 3.01–43.3), dyspnea (OR: 10.48; CI95%: 2.08–52.7) and respiratory failure (OR: 5.84; CI95%: 1.73–19.75) increased the risk of COVID-19, whereas pleural effusion decreased the risk (OR: 0.15; CI95%: 0.04–0.63). ROC confirmed the discriminative role of these variables between suspected and confirmed COVID-19 (AUC 0.91). Clinical, laboratory and imaging features predict the diagnosis of COVID-19, independently from the NPS result.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/11/2993COVID-19PCR testCOVID-19 diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Stefania Principe Amelia Grosso Alida Benfante Federica Albicini Salvatore Battaglia Erica Gini Marta Amata Ilaria Piccionello Angelo Guido Corsico Nicola Scichilone Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test Journal of Clinical Medicine COVID-19 PCR test COVID-19 diagnosis |
| title | Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test |
| title_full | Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test |
| title_fullStr | Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test |
| title_short | Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test |
| title_sort | comparison between suspected and confirmed covid 19 respiratory patients what is beyond the pcr test |
| topic | COVID-19 PCR test COVID-19 diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/11/2993 |
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